A Streetcar Named Desire By Tennessee Williams - 1923 Words

â€Å"I have found it easier to identify with the characters who verge upon hysteria, who were frightened of life, who were desperate to reach out to another person. But these seemingly fragile people are the strong people really† -Tennessee Williams. Tennessee Williams was one of the most daring authors of his time, and still known as one of the best; because of his many bold, provocative, and inspiring works. He especially used A Streetcar Named Desire to express what he has gone through and what he felt in his life. In A Streetcar Named Desire, Tennessee Williams uses sexuality and abuse to create awareness in the reader on the social taboos of society. â€Å"They told me to take a street-car named Desire, and transfer to one called Cemeteries,†¦show more content†¦After this description of Stanley, it is almost a given that he views Blanche in an explicitly sexual way, as proven in scene ten when he rapes her. â€Å"Why on our wedding night – soon as we came in here – he snatched off one of my slippers and rushed about the place smashing the light-bulbs with it.† (Scene 4, Line 18-20) Stella let Stanley be intentionally violent and animalistic towards her, which shows the power he has over her sexually, and the bond that they have formed by sex. (Stella) â€Å"But there are things that happen between a man and a woman in the dark – that sort of make everything else seem – unimportant.† (Blanche) â€Å"What you are talking about is brutal desire–just–Desire!–the name of that rattle-trap street-car that bangs through the Quarter† (Scene 4, Line 103-104) Desire is what got both Blanche and Stella in their situation in the first place, Blanche being kicked out of Belle Reve, and Stella being the victim of domestic abuse.. Also, Blanche is describing desire, which is lust, drive, etc., as vulgar, which is very hypocritical, in response as to what her sister said. â€Å"Dramatists often draw upon well-established forms from earlier periods, openly exploiting their audience’s knowledge to modulate their response. In this, Williams is no different; in both Streetcar and the preceding Summer and Smoke he employs the pattern of the medieval morality play.† A Streetcar Named Desire can be related to the

Reflection on Psychology - 822 Words

Jonathon is attending his first tutorial class on the first day of his school in Ngee Ann Polytechnic with his best friend, Gerald, who has also enrolled into the Banking and Finance Services (BFS). When they first entered the classroom, students on the left side of the classroom are sitting quietly waiting for the lesson to start while students on the right are talking loudly, trying to mingle around with each other. Immediately, Gerald walks to the left side to find a seat and whisper to Jonathon, telling him that students on the right will most probably be very playful and are those who do not do their works. Having heard what Gerald has said, Jonathon decided to follow Gerald so that it will be easier to do project if he is in the same†¦show more content†¦| Their tutor is in her late 50s who has big eyes and is always frowning. When she enters the class, she is showing a black face and is not wearing a smile on her face. She is not giving any eye contact and did not respond to the students when they greeted her. Gerald and Jonathon feel that their tutor is rude and has a bad attitude. Both of them feel that they will definitely suffer for this particular module because they think that their tutor is fierce and unfriendly, and therefore, will not be helpful if they encounter any problems or questions when they do their tutorials and project. However, as the lesson goes by, they think otherwise of the tutor. She explains clearly and promptly to students’ questions and is very patient and willing to repeat herself until everyone understands the problems. During the lunch break, Gerald and Jonathon are discussing the reasons behind their tutor’s behaviour at the beginning of the class. They concluded that the tutor may be having a difficult time with another BFS class earlier on. This resulted her in thinking that their batch of BFS students are difficult to handle, and hence, showing a black face when she entered the class. Another reason may be she is not feeling well or she is feeling exhausted after a few consecutive hours of teaching. As such, she lost her focus and did not make any eye contact with the students and did not respond to their greetings when she entered the classroom.Show MoreRelatedReflection Paper On Psychology And Psychology950 Words   |  4 PagesReflection Paper #2 In this second unit of Psychology, it was fascinating to focus in on how we as humans learn behaviors, and what can cause us to each function differently in similar situations. Many scientists from the early 20th century have contributed to what we know today about the brain and how it responds to sensations, perceptions, hearing, and conditioning. 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Greek History And Food Essay Example For Students

Greek History And Food Essay Greek History andFoodGreek cuisine:The Greeks usually eat 3 meals a day. The first meal of the day is Breakfast. A typical Greek breakfast consistsof a piece of bread, some goat milk and strong Turkish coffee. The Greeksdo not eat a large breakfast typically. Their next meal of the day is Lunchit is usually eaten around twelve to two pm. It is also a light meal likebreakfast. Dinner is usually eaten later at night than most people areaccustomed to. It is eaten between 8-9 pm. This is the largest meal ofthe day. The most common meats are lamb and chicken. Fish and seafood arefound mostly on the coast and in cities and are inexpensive. Olives aregrown in Greece, and olive oil is used a lot in cooking. Salads areusually eaten with the main meal. Main courses include souvlaki, a shishkebab with cubes of meat-often pork or lamb-and vegetables, and stuffedeggplant or tomatoes. Pasta is also popular. Fruit is often served fordessert. Although Greek food is not low fat the primary oil used is oliveoil, which has been proven to be better for you that rendered anim al fat. Cheese is another mainstay of the Greek diet. The average Grecian eats50 lbs. of cheese a year. This ranks second in world cheese consumptionbehind France. The most popular Greek cheese is Feta, which is a smoothcottage type of cheese. Greeks drink a lot of wine. If you area first-time visitor, you probably better order your wine aretsinoto (withoutresin), or your mouth will pucker. Retsina, or resinated wine, has a distinctiveflavor and tastes better when chilled. Greek food has been influenced bymany sources. The area that Greece occupies was the ancient city-statesof Athens, Sparta, and Corinth. Their individual styles ofcooking helped shape Greek cooking into what it is today. Undoubtedly baklava is the most famouspastry, a multi-layered ribboned pastry with nuts and oozing withhoney syrup. A visit to a Greek pastry shop reveals the how many differentways Greeks use fila dough many of them have aTurkish origin. The honeyedfila pastries and buttery nut cookies compose a separate late afternoonmeal accompanied by thick Greek coffee. Fresh fruit generally figs,orange, apples, and melon usually conclude the late evening dinner. No part of Greece is more that 85 milesfrom the coast. This is a good reason that Greeks eat so much seafood. Another reason that the Greeks eat so much seafood is the land in Greeceis very poor for farming most crops. Also there is a lack of land in Greece. Greece occupies a very small area only 50,962 square miles. This is ________. Since the Greeks cannot farm a lot of their own food, they have adapteda culture that doesnt depend upon farmed food. That is why Greek recipesdont have a lot of flour or wheat in them. The Greeks have a love forsimple well seasoned food. In almost any tavern, restaurant, or bar youcan find a tasteful array of seafood and other Greek delicacies preparedbefore your eyes. It is not uncommon for the patrons of a restaurant togo back to the kitchen to look at their meal being prepared. The olive oil tree has tree has been grownin Greece for thousands of years and its oil has been used as a food aswell as for medicinal, cosmetic, lighting and sacred purposes. You wouldthink that the olive was specially made for Greeces harsh climate, itthrives in most regions of the country. It loves the sea and the sun. Thecoastal regions have the perfect conditions it needs and a suitable ecosystemfor the tree to grow and bear fruit. .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6 , .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6 .postImageUrl , .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6 , .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6:hover , .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6:visited , .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6:active { border:0!important; } .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6:active , .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6 .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud8eac6d373dc6e57888fb10682dceab6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Deerslayer EssayTaste, aroma and color are all indicationsof the quality of olive oil. EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OIL. Virgin oliveoil with an extremely fine taste and an acidity of not more than 1%VIRGIN OLIVE OIL. Also describedas select. This oil has an exceptionally fine taste and its acidity leveldoes not exceed 2%. OLIVE OIL: obtained by mixing refinedand virgin olive oil. It has an acidity of up to 1.5In the Greek orthodox religion Oliveoil is a symbol of love and peace. Many Greeks have an oil lamp burningolive oil on their homemade altars. Olive oil somehow seems to bring outthe true taste of the ingredients while adding its own personal touch. When a recipe calls for olive oil, howdo you know what kind to use? Let your own taste preferences be your guide. As a general rule, cook with normal olive oil and season or drizzle withextra virgin Light and delicate dishes like poached or sauteedfish, chicken or veal, go well with a milder, less fruity olive oil. Dishessuch as hearty stews, soups or tomato-based sauces welcome a more fruity,flavorful olive oil, as do steamed vegetables and salads. For roasted,barbecued and braised dishes, which require high or prolonged heat oliveoil is, best because it is less expensive yet has the same health benefitsas virgin olive oils. In frying, a crisp caramelized crust is formed thatwill allow but a small amount of oil to soak into the food. In vegetabledishes, its herbal hues blend excellently with the greens. Pies are bestmade with sweet olive oil. Greece is the southeasternmost regionon the European continent. It is defined by a series of mountains, surroundedon all sides except the north by water, and endowed with countless largeand small islands. The Ionian and Aegean seas and the many deep bays andnatural harbors along the coastlines allowed the Greeks to prosper in maritimecommerce and to develop a culture which drew inspiration from many sources,both foreign and indigenous. The Greek world eventually spread far beyondGreece itself, encompassing many settlements around the Mediterranean andBlack seas and, during the Hellenistic period, reaching as far east asIndia. The mountains, which served as natural barriers and boundaries,dictated the political character of Greece. From early times the Greekslived in independent communities isolated from one another by the landscape. Later these communities were organized into poleis or city-states. Themountains prevented large-scale farming and impelled the Greeks to lookbeyond their borders to new lands where fertile soil was more abundant. Natural resources of gold and silver were available in the mountains ofThrace in northern Greece and on the island of Siphnos, while silver wasmined from Laurion in Attica. Supplies of iron ores were also availableon the mainland and in the Aegean islands. The Mediterranean Sea moderates Greece?sclimate, cooling the air in summer and providing warmth in the winter months. Summers are generally hot and dry. Winters are moderate and rainy in coastalregions and cold and snowy in mountainous areas. An estimated 97 percent of the countryspopulation identifies itself as belonging to the Greek branch of the EasternOrthodox Church of Christ, commonly known as the Orthodox Church of Greece. Though Greeks became independent of the church in Constaniople,a closerelationship remains among most branches of Orthodoxy . In many respects,church and state are not separate in the Western sense in Greece. In spiteof reforms in the 1980s and a loss of some influence since World War II,the Orthodox Church remains the officially established religious institutionof the country, and from that position it exerts considerable influencein secular matters. The largest non-Orthodox religious groups in Greeceare Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Muslim. .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2 , .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2 .postImageUrl , .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2 , .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2:hover , .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2:visited , .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2:active { border:0!important; } .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2:active , .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2 .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3fab39fd7d5cab9661ca85c6f38ad1e2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pearl Harbor EssayThe country of Greece has had a variedhistory. At about 2600 BC Greek civilization was founded. This is an educatedguess because most records succumb to time. Greek civilization startedwith a group of people called the Minoans. Minoan civilization reacheda peak during 1400s-1300s BC Homer wrote the Oddesy and the Iliad duringthe Ninth century BC During the eighth century BC Athens, Sparta and othercity states develop. During 800 BC Alexander the Great conquered the GrecianEmpire of city-states and Greece became part of the Macedonian Empire. After the downfall of the Macedonian Empire, Greece enters a lull, whichlasts for almost a thousand years. During this time a numerous number ofempires conquered Greece. The Greeks fought a war of independence againstthe Ottoman Empire and won. The first president of Greece was Ioannis Kapodistrias. In 1829 the Treaty of Adrianople places Greek under British, French, andRussian protection. In 1832 the Treaty of Constantinople places Greeceunder British, French, and Russian protection, defines its boundaries,and names Otto of Wittgenstein ruler. The first constitution establishesdemocratic parliamentary government system, reducing Ottos power. In 1862 after series of coups, Otto forcedto resign. After this Greece was an independent country. Greece playeda small part in World War 1. It was on the side of the Allied forces. Thisbrings the history of Greece to the present. In conclusion Greek food is heavily influencedby the climate of the Mediterranean, and the other countries surroundingit. Greeks also eat a very healthy diet rich in seafood and lean meats. Olive oil is a major part of the Greeks daily diet also. Olive oil is alsomuch more healthy than animal fats and oils.

The Advent Of Social Media Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Advent Of Social Media. Answer: Social Media Personal or professional? The advent of social media is not an unknown phenomena (Stelzner, 2014). It is rare to come across an individual that does not has a Facebook account. The platforms provide people a space to share their ideas, opinions and communicate with a bunch of other people. However, the usage of these platforms is different for different individuals. The dilemma faced by the HR manager in the case is quite common. While recruiting candidates, gaining access to their social media platforms will surely reveal a lot more information about the candidate. But it is difficult to analyze the extent to which this information is true and honest. It would be an ethical move by the HR manager to seek permission to visit social media profiles of the candidates. However, there is a strong possibility that before sharing the information, the candidates will alter the information available or hide the details that they may feel will adversely impact their recruitment. Secondly, if a particular candidate refuses to share the information, then the organization may lose out on a competent candidate altogether. On the other hand, if the HR manager decides to view public information on these profiles, then there is no assurance of how this information can reflect upon their professional behavior (Guedes, 2015). Secondly, if the HR team identifies personal mutual contacts with the candidate, it may lead them to make a biased decision. Thirdly, the extent of public information would also be different for different candidates and hence it would hardly be a fair analyses. Lastly, if the social media profiles are not checked for any of the candidates and the selected candidate is found indulging in any inappropriate behavior on these platforms, it may reflect badly on the organization. In my opinion, it is true that social media platforms may disclose certain attributes of an individuals personality and hence might refine the HR teams judgment. But these platforms are created for an individuals personal use and must be restricted for the same. A persons behavior or attitude in their personal life may not necessarily reflect in their professional behavior. Therefore it would be unfair to judge them based on these attributes even if it is the last resort available. Out of all these platforms, LinkedIn is a professional platform and it largely consists details of an individuals professional life. LinkedIn also consists of endorsements from peers and seniors which enhance upon the individuals personality and demonstrate attributes that might be beneficial for the organization (Zide, Elman Shahani-Denning, 2014). When an employee associates with the firm, the employees public personality also reflects upon the organization. Therefore it is recommended to keep a tab on the information disclosed by organizational employees on their social media platforms. But such factors can be recommended to employees or they can be guided upon this. In no case, should a personal social media account of an individual impact the recruitment decision of an HR of the company. References Guedes, S. (2015). The Use of Social Media within the Recruitment and Selection Process. Stelzner, M. (2014). 2014 Social Media Marketing Industry Report.Social media examiner, 1-52. Zide, J., Elman, B. and Shahani-Denning, C., 2014. LinkedIn and recruitment: How profiles differ across occupations.Employee Relations,36(5), pp.583-604.

Ray Bradburys Science-fiction Novel Fahrenheit 451 Has Literary Eleme

Ray Bradbury's science-fiction novel Fahrenheit 451 has literary elements that strengthen its interpretation. The theme of this novel is the significance of a person's independent thought. The literary movement of this piece of literature is Romanticism. Through the use of Guy Montag, an emotionally distressed individual who realizes the importance of independent thinking, Fahrenheit 451's theme and literary movement are better understood. The theme of Fahrenheit 451 is the importance of an individual's independent thought and the individual's creative ability. Guy Montag never thought about what he did because he was told what he did was appropriate for society, and also he is happy with his role in society. He felt like that until he met Clarisse McClellan, a 17 year-old girl that society calls a mental case because she questions society. She ?teaches? Montag about the past when society did not fear the firemen. When he talked to the his colleagues they laugh at him because they believe what their handbook says. ?The only action these characters take is to maintain their status quo-the way things are. In contrast, Clarisse, Montag and Faber are individuals who wonder about their world and, in the case of Montag and Faber, are able to make attempts to change things? (Telgen 145).He had been taking the books at some of the midnight runs he had, but never really wanted to find out what is written in them until after he found out that Clarisse died. A person that helped Montag expand his creativity was Professor Faber. He was a man that Montag remembered he had met when he needed someone else's guidance to do the right thing for himself. Professor Faber tells Montag about how society has depended on technology for many things and that Shah 2 technology threatened the development of the mind. ?In Bradbury's novel, education's emphasis on technology leads to a culture where people understand how things are done but never bother to wonder why things are done? (Levy 1314). This type of education does not encourage the persons with unique abilities to look into depth and find a reason for why things are done. ?School is shortened, discipline relaxed, philosophies, histories, languages dropped, English and spelling gradually gradually neglected, finally almost completely ignored. Life is immediate, the job counts, pleasure lies about after work. Why learn anything, save pressing buttons, pulling switches, fitting nuts and bolts (Bradbury 55-6). This is the quote that Captain Beatty, Montag's boss, said to Montag when Montag was not sure about being a fireman. Novels have many aspects that influence the author in determining the type of plot they should include. The literary movement of Fahrenheit 451 is Romanticism. It has six different characteristics: 1) emphasizes individualism, spontaneity, and freedom from rules; 2) shows a solitary life, not a life in society; 3) shows a belief that imagination is superior to reason; 4) reflects a devotion to beauty; 5) shows a love and worship of nature and fascination with the past, especially with myths and the supernatural; 6) shows a passionate love of country (Donnell 2). Montag emphasizes disposition, whimsical tendency, and salvation from regulations by changing his belief about community after being a fireman for 12 years. ?Bradbury has been called a romantic, and his romanticism often surfaces in the themes he investigates: the conflict between human vitality and spiritless mechanism, between the creative individual and the conforming group,...? (Paradowski 356). Clarisse McClellan and her family showed a life not within the standards of society and also they are people that remain alone and not associate with society. We had some false alarms on the McClellans, when they lived in Chicago. Never found a book. Uncle had mixed records; antisocial. The girl? She was a time Shah 3 bomb. The family had been feeding her subconscious, I'm sure, from what I saw of her school record. She didn't want to know how a thing was done, but why. (Bradbury 60) What Captain Beatty said about the McClellans proves they were considered outcasts. Professor Faber shows the confidence that imagination is greater to understanding. This was proven by the quote, ?The magic is only in what books say, how they stitched the patches of the universe together into one garment for us? (83). This means that the only things that is needed is the information provided in books that help explain the items that are not explained by the reason. The plot and theme are captured more thoroughly through the use of distinct characters and their points of

An Unlikely Murderer Essays - American Folklore, Axe Murder

An Unlikely Murderer Essays - American Folklore, Axe Murder An Unlikely Murderer One would think that crimes with such a gruesome nature would be committed by a hatchet-wielding maniac as put by Russell Aiuto (1). But rather, the suspect was that of a church-going, Sunday-school-teaching, respectable, spinster-daughter(Aiuto 1). The young woman, Lizzie Borden, was charged with the killing of her father and stepmother, a crime worthy of Classical Greek tragedy (Aiuto 1). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to research the life and trial of Lizzie Borden in order to determine if she was innocent or guilty of parricide, the murder of ones parents. It was on the 19th of July, 1860, that in Fall River, Massachusetts Lizzie Borden was born (Radin 268). She grew up there alongside her father, Andrew Borden. He was a very prosperous man, starting out as the towns undertaker and ending up investing his profits into the textile industry. When Lizzie made it in to her teens, Mr. Borden was worth $500,000 (Paton 432). Being as prosperous as he was, he only had to places to spend his money: his two daughters, Lizzie and her older sister Emma (Paton 432). Andrew Borden also had a wife, Abby Borden. She was the stepmother of Lizzie and Emma and a hated one at that. Whenever Lizzie and Abby were together in the house, which happened a lot, the atmosphere was electric (Paton 433). Abby was called Mrs. Borden, and Lizzie did not eat when Abby was around. Their relationship was so distant, that Lizzie only spoke to her when it was needed (Paton 433). Lizzie first despised Abby when Andrew decided to purchase Abbys sisters home and have it in his wifes name. This prevented his sister-in-law from getting evicted, but Lizzie saw it as a chance for Abby to take advantage of Andrews money (Paton 433). What most people do not know, is that Lizzie had somewhat of a criminal record before she was charged with the murder. The first was committed in her own home. She had reported to her father that some of Abbys stuff had been stolen by a thief. Andrew called the police but stopped them in the middle of their investigation because he noticed that the only person that could have committed the crime was Lizzier herself (Paton 433). Perhaps the only reason Lizzie may have had any hate for her father was when he laid her pigeons to rest. Intruders had broken into the garden of the Bordens, where Lizzies pigeons were held. Mr. Borden assumed that the intruders were after the birds and therefore, decapitated the birds with and ax (Paton 434). Could this be a sign? 1892 was a year of record breaking heat. It seemed to have been 12 months of total summer (Paton 434). That summer, Lizzie bought small doses in several visits of prussic acid, a lethal drug. The drugstore owners started to notice, which caused her to make her visits more discreet (Paton 434). The day of August 4th was a day that would make history. It started out normal. Emma was not in town, and there was a guest staying in the house, Uncle John Morse. Bridget Sullivan, the maid, was up with Uncle John as she did her daily chores. She stopped short, however, because of a sickness she had had recently (Paton 435). Then, with John gone into town and Bridget cleaning the windows, the murders happened. At 9:00 AM, Abby Borden was killed. With nothing more worse happening, Andrew Borden was then killed two and a half hours later, at 11:30 AM (Sams 1). There were 20 wounds from a sharp instrument on Abby and only 10 on Andrew (Paton 432). Lizzie supposedly saw only her father dead. She ran to the neighbours and cried that her father had been killed. She said her mother had gotten a note, asking her to go aid an ill person. So obviously, Lizzie did not know that Abby was in the house dead. The police got there, and they found Abbys corpse in a bedroom. Then for some odd reason, Lizzie remembered that she may have heard her come back in to the house earlier (Paton 436). Lizzies alibi was rather odd. She said she had went out in to the outbuilding

Abstract of Chapter 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abstract of Chapter 8 - Essay Example Using the case of Health Net for the above elaborations, managers of most organizations in the present world realize that a long-run success needs a focus on the cost, service, and quality. The above three components comprise the competitive edge of the entity. Therefore, Health Net uses such management control system in achieving such focus. Health Net as one of the prevalent managed health-care organization in the United States. It has about 7,500 employees and a revenue of about $12 billion in the year 2011, have an excellent management control system that has placed it above its competitors. The organization offers coverage up to 5.6 million health plan members (Gitman, Zutter, In Mukherjee, In Battista, Gitman & Zutter, 2013). To compete effectively in the market, Health Net commenced a critical information systems development programs known as â€Å"fourth generation medical management.† The control regulator is for the creation of a greater opportunity for growing the overall quality as the costs decreased by managing the patient care in the electronic link. The system provides physicians and other health care providers an instant user-friendly electronic access to comprehensive information about the medical history of various patients as well as the best clinic treatment recommended. Therefore, a faster and a pre approved a referral to the best clinical resource whether specialist or an emergency room. The above measure ultimately satisfies the customers, and as a bonus, helps in the reduction of costs (Gitman, Zutter, In Mukherjee, In Battista, Gitman & Zutter, 2013). A balanced scorecard applies where there is a need to strike a balance between the financial and the nonfinancial measures during the performance measurement process. It therefore, links performance to rewards and, therefore, gives the explicit recognition of the relationship between the organizational

Managing Preformance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Preformance - Essay Example The important aspect in managing performance is the leadership skills that can be enhanced alongside attitudes, interpersonal skills and behaviours.(Abbey,2007). It helps to retain and maintain people who embody the basic human capital of the organizations as they are the one responsible for the execution of the strategic plans of the business. (Abbey,2007). This essay includes the analysis of the issues in managing performance by citing cases in an organization that involves performance management. The views and opinions of several organizations about the affectivity of the management are cited. The disadvantage and advantages of the performance management are enumerated to further support the importance of such management. Based on the studies that will be presented in this essay effective performance management will result in an increase in sales and greater profitability. Managing performance involves the evaluation of the employee and an appropriate compensation for the job. Companies and managers have conflicting ideas about this. In the study done by Harris (2001), it involves two phases. It is about the argument that the importance of managerial values and assumptions about rewarding individual performance has been an overlooked and underestimated dimension in the design and application of individual performance-related pay processes (IPRP). ... ' perspective on the effectiveness of performance-related pay processes in terms of encouraging the types of behaviours employers stated they were seeking from their employees. The study done by Harris (2001) wants to prove that a well compensated employee will result in a well done job and thus increases the output and the profitability of the company. It is the responsibility of the managers to fill in the gap between the missing links of aspirations and results, by motivating their employees, through management of their performance.(Abbey,2007). The organizations are aware that the success of the strategy is dependent on the effort and capabilities of their employees to implement the strategy that makes all the difference to their flourishing business.(Abbey,2007). In the study done by Harris (2001), 78 percent of respondents identified a non publicized objective which is to increase employee commitment and improve individual motivation through a fairer reward system more focused on business objectives. This was referred to by the study as an official agenda. Another objective identified as an hidden agenda was concerned with the control aspects of performance management system, which changing the culture, making managers manage, dealing with issues of under-performance, reducing staffing levels and costs while increasing workloads. Another important objective is to increase the potential of an organization, in order to achieve its strategy; it is important that organization develops and creates the capabilities of its employees. Effective people management is the only key to improve the businesses performance. The most important purpose of Performance Management is to increase the effectiveness of the employees. This should be done, in order to improve the

Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Question - Essay Example The tasks of Joachim were to make sure that the world was still persuaded that Germany wanted candidly an arms limitation agreement while making sure that this agreement was not developed at all. He later became a great friend of the Fuhrer, to the hatred of members who had serve for a long period of time, who though that Joachim had no talent and was insincere. Despite the hatred from the other members, Joachim was made the Foreign Minister and Ambassador to Britain (Keylor, 2010). In the run up to World War II, Joachim played a crucial role in brokering the pact of Steel with the non-aggression pact of Soviet German and fascist Italy. This was referred to the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact. The influence of Ribbentrop pact deteriorated after 1941. After he was detained in June 1945, Joachim was tried at the Nuremberg Trials and found guilty of war crimes for the role he had in pioneering World War II and facilitating the Holocaust (Keylor, 2010). Joachim von Ribbentrop then became the fir st individuals who were hanged as their death sentences in 1946. Ford was an American industrialist and the forefather of the Ford Motor Company. On the other hand, he sponsored the growth of the mass production assembly line method. Ford manufactured and developed the first automobile that a lot of Americans in the middle class could manage to pay for. In addition, he was well recognized for his passivity in the beginning of World War I (Keylor, 2010). He opposed heavily the entry of America in World War II and went on to believe that international businesses could cause the affluence of heading off wars. He went on to state that the war was the product of financiers who are greedy and looking for profit in destruction of humans. In 1939, Henry Ford claimed that the torpedoing of United States merchant ships by submarines owned by the Germans was the result of conspiratorial happenings that financier war makers undertook. The

Polymeric Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery

Polymeric Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery Abstract TO DRUG TARGET For the past few decades, there has been a respectable exploration interest in the territory of drug conveyance utilizing particulate conveyance frameworks as transporters for little and huge particles. Particulate frameworks like nanoparticles have been utilized as a physical methodology to adjust and enhance the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of different sorts of drug particles. They have been utilized within vivo to secure the drug element in the systemic course, confine access of the medication to the picked destinations and to convey the drug at a regulated and managed rate to the site of activity. Different polymers have been utilized within the detailing of nanoparticles for drug conveyance exploration to expand helpful profit, while minimizing side impacts. Here, we survey different parts of nanoparticle plan, characterization, impact of their attributes and their requisitions in conveyance of medication atoms and restorative genes. Introduction for reflective statement The utilization of nanotechnology in medicine and all the more particularly drug conveyance is situated to spread quickly. At present numerous substances are under examination for drug conveyance and all the more particularly for growth help. Interestingly pharmaceutical sciences are utilizing nanoparticles to diminish lethality and symptoms of medications and up to as of late finished not understand that transport system themselves may force dangers to the patient. The sort of perils that are presented by utilizing nanoparticles for medication conveyance are past that postured by traditional dangers forced by chemicals in established conveyance frameworks. For nanoparticles the information on molecule danger as got in inward breath lethality demonstrates to the way industry standards to explore the potential perils of nanoparticles. The toxicology of particulate matter varies from toxicology of substances as the forming chemical(s) could conceivably be dissolvable in living lattices , therefore impacting incredibly the potential introduction of different inward organs. Then again, retained species might likewise impact the potential lethality of the breathed in particles. Discussion For nanoparticles the circumstances is distinctive as their size opens the potential for intersection the different living hindrances inside the constitution. From a positive perspective, particularly the possibility to cross the blood mind hindrance may open new routes for medication conveyance into the cerebrum. Whats more, the nanosize likewise takes into consideration access into the cell and different cell compartments including the core. An incalculable number of substances are at present under examination for the arrangement of nanoparticles for drug conveyance, fluctuating from organic substances like egg whites, gelatin and phospholipids for liposome’s, and moresubstances of a chemical nature like different polymers and strong metal holding nanoparticles. It is evident that the potential collaboration with tissues and cells, and the potential harmfulness, incredibly relies on upon the genuine arrangement of the nanoparticle definition. This paper gives a review on a p ortion of the as of now utilized frameworks for medication conveyance. In addition the potential useful utilize additionally consideration is attracted to the inquiries how we ought to continue with the security assessment of the nanoparticle plans for medication conveyance. For such testing the lessons gained from molecule lethality as connected in particle toxicology may be useful. In spite of the fact that for pharmaceutical utilize the current prerequisites appear to be satisfactory to identify a large portion of the antagonistic impacts of nanoparticle definitions, it cannot be normal that all parts of nanoparticle toxicology will be distinguished. Thus, likely extra more particular testing might be required. Later years have seen exceptional development of exploration and provisions in the territory of nanoscience and nanotechnology. There is expanding confidence that nanotechnology, as connected to drug, will acquire critical developments the determination and medicine of malady. Designed nanoparticles are a critical device to understand various these provisions. It must be distinguished that not all particles utilized for therapeutic purposes go along to the as of late proposed and now by and large acknowledged meaning of a size ≠¤100 nm.however, numerous tests must be overcome if the provision of nanotechnology is to understand the expected enhanced comprehension of the patho-physiological premise of illness, carry more refined analytic chances, and yield enhanced thereapies. Toxicological dangers of nanoparticles To utilize the potential of Nanotechnology within Nanomedicine, full consideration is required to security and toxicological issues. For pharmaceuticals particular medication conveyance details may be utilized to build the alleged helpful proportion or record being the edge between the measurement required for clinical viability and the dosage prompting side effects ( (lethality). Notwithstanding, additionally for these particular details a toxicological assessment is required. This is especially valid for the provisions of nanoparticles for drug conveyance. Medicinal necessity For medicinal purpose certain routine measures requirement to be performed which will hang on to various potential dangers. In any case, it might be expected that not all dangers are at this minute known for the utilization of nanoparticles. Advantages Nanoparticle-based drug conveyance frameworks have extensive potential for medication of tuberculosis (TB). The essential mechanical favorable circumstances of nanoparticles utilized as medication bearers are high stability, high transport limit, achievability of fuse of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, and possibility of variable courses of organization, including oral provision and inhalation. Nanoparticles can likewise be intended to permit regulated (supported) drug discharge from the network. These properties of nanoparticles empower change of drug bioavailability and decrease of the dosing recurrence, and may resolve the issue of nonadherence to endorsed help, which is one of the significant deterrents in the control of TB scourges. The accompanying are around the essential innovative points of interest of nanoparticles as medication transporters: high security (i.e., long timeframe of realistic usability); high bearer limit (i.e., numerous pill particles could be c onsolidated in the molecule grid); attainability of fuse of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances; and practicality of variable courses of organization, including oral organization and inward breath. These bearers can likewise be intended to empower regulated (supported) pill discharge from the matrix.the conduct of polymeric nanoparticles in the gastrointestinal tract is affected by their bioadhesive properties; grip of nanoparticles to the mucosa upgrades the retention of the copartnered medication, hence expanding its bioavailability. Consequently, lectins have been indicated to enhance mucoadhesion of the pill because of the biorecognition of the lectin-united transporters by glycosylated structures in the intestine.their significant focal points, for example, change of medication bioavailability and lessening of the dosing recurrence, may make a sound support for better administration of the malady, making specifically watched medicine more pragmatic and moderate. An alte rnate significant focal point of the nanoparticles is the plausibility of the adaptable courses of pill organization, including oral and inward breath courses. Furthermore, high soundness of the nanoparticles proposes long time span of usability. It could be normal that future examination will focus on the improvement of the vectorized conveyance frameworks consolidating preferences of the colloidal bearers, for example, expansive payloads of a medication, with animated focusing to the spoiling destinations. Conclusion The achievement of this innovation will likely rely on upon toxicological issues connected with comprehension of the destiny of nanocarriers and their polymeric constituents in the physique, and end of the danger of the remaining natural solvents. In this admiration, the likelihood of utilizing pill bearers produced out of characteristic polymers (e.g., chitosan or alginate) speaks to a magnetic point of view. The utilization of Nanotechnology in solution and all the more particularly pill conveyance is situated to spread quickly. For a long time pharmaceutical sciences have been utilizing nanoparticles to lessen danger and symptoms of medications. Up to as of late it was not understood that these transporter frameworks themselves may force dangers to the patient. The sort of risks that are presented by utilizing nanoparticles for pill conveyance are past that postured by expected dangers forced by chemicals in conveyance networks. In any case, in this way, the experimental ideal mod el for the conceivable (unfavorable) reactivity of nanoparticles needs and we have small comprehension of the nuts and bolts of the cooperation of nanoparticles with living cells, organs and life forms. A theoretical comprehension of natural reactions to nanomaterials is required to create and apply sheltered nanomaterials in medication conveyance later on. Moreover a nearby coordinated effort between those working in pill conveyance and molecule toxicology is vital for the trade of ideas, strategies and skill to accelerate this issue. References Gelperina.S. et al. (2005). The Potential Advantages of Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems in Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis.American journal of Respiratory and critical care medicine. 172(12).1487-1490). Retrieved from  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2718451/ Albrecht C, Knaapen AM, Becker, et al. The crucial role of particle surface reactivity in respirable quartz induced reactive oxygen/nitrogen species formation and APE/Ref-1 induction in rat lung.Respir Res.2005;6:129. Ã…kerman ME, Chan WCW, Laakkonen P, et al. Nonocrystal targeting in vivo.PNAS.2002;99:12617–21. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Alyautdin RN, Petrov VE, Langer K, et al. Delivery of loperamide across the blood-brain barrier with polysorbate 80-coated polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles.J Pharm Res.1997;14:325–8.erican Journal of Respiratory and Critical C Bourges JL, Gautier SE, Delie F, et al. Ocular drug delivery targeting the retina and retinal pigment epithelium using polylactide nanoparticles.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.2003;44:3562–9 Medicine Borm PJ, Kreyling W. Toxicological hazards of inhaled nanoparticles – potential implications for drug delivery.J Nanosc Nanotechnol.2004;4:521–31. Borm PJ, Muller-Schulte D. Nanoparticles in drug delivery and environmental exposure: same size, same risks?Nanomedicine.2006;1:235–49. Benardi RJ, Lowery AR, Thompson PA, et al. Immunoshells for targeted photothermal ablation in medulloblastoma and glioma: an in vitro evaluation using human cell lines.J Neurooncol.2007 Sep 6;Epub ahead of print. Borm PJ. Particle toxicology: from coal mining to nanotechnology.Inhal Toxicol.2002;14:311–24. Cascone MG, Lazzeri L, Carmignani C, et al. Gelatin nanoparticles produced by a simple W/O emulsion as delivery system for methotrexate.J Mat Sc: Mat in Med.2002;13:523–6. Chen LC, Nadziejko C. Effects of subchronic exposures to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) in mice V CAPs exacerbate aortic plaque development in hyperlipidemic mice.Inhal Toxicol.2005;17:217–24. Campen MJ, McDonald JD, Gigliotti AP, et al. Cardiovascular effects of inhaled diesel exhaust in spontaneously hypertensive rats.Cardiovasc Toxicol.2003;3:353–61. Calderon-Garciduenas L, Reed W, Maronpot RR, et al. Brain inflammation and Alzheimer’s-like pathology in individuals exposed to severe air pollution.Toxicol Pathol.2004;32:650–8. Damascelli B, Patelli GL, Lanocita R, et al. A novel intraarterial chemotherapy using paclitaxel in albumin nanoparticles to treat advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: preliminary findings.Am J Roentgenol.2003;181:253–603. Donaldson K, Stone V, Tran CL, et al. Nanotoxicology.Occup Environ Med.2004;61:727–28. Duncan R. The dawning era of polymer therapeutics.Nat Rev Drug Disc.2003;2:347–60. Edetsberger M, Gaubitzer E, Valic E, et al. Detection of nanometer-sized particles in living cells using modern fluorescence fluctuation methods.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2005;332:109–16. Elder A, Gelein R, Silva V, et al. Translocation of inhaled ultrafine manganese oxide particles to the central nervous system.Environ Health Perspect.2006;114:1172–8. Ferrari M. Cancer nanotechnology: opportunities and challenges.Nat Rev Cancer.2005;5:161–71. Gibaud S, Demoy M, Andreux JP, et al. Cells involved in the capture of nanoparticles in hematopoietic organs.J Pharm Sci.1996;85:944–50. Gomes AJ, Lunardi LO, Marchetti JM, et al. Indocyanine green nanoparticles useful for photomedicine.Photomed Laser Surg.2006;24:514–21. Gupta AK, Curtis ASG. Surface modified supermagnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery: interaction studies with human firbroblasts in culture.J Mater Sci: Mat in Med.2004;15:493–6. Hoshino A, Fujioka K, Oku T, et al. Physicochemical properties and cellular toxicity of nanocrystal quantum dots depend on their surface modification.Nano Lett.2004;4:2163–9. Huang M, Khor E, Lim L-Y. Uptake and cytotoxicity of chitosan molecules and nanoparticles: effects of molecular weight and degree of deacetylation.Pharm Res.2004;21:344–53. JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food additives) Summary of Evaluations Performed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.INS 175.2001. Kawano T, Yamagata M, Takahishi H, et al. Stabilizing of plasmid DNA in vivo by PEG-modified cationic gold nanoparticles and the gene expression assisted with electrical pulses.J Control Release.2006;111:382–9. Kirchner C, Liedl T, Kudera S, et al. Cytotoxicity of colloidal CdSe and CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles.Nano Letters.2005;5:331–8. Koziara JM, Lockman PR, Allen DD, et al. Paclitaxel nanoparticles for the potential treatment of brain tumors.J Control Release.2004;99:259–69. Kreuter J. Nanoparticulate systems for brain delivery of drugs.Adv Drug Deliv Rev.2001;47:65–81. Lenaerts V, Nagelkerke JF, Van Berkel TJ, et al. In vivo uptake of polyisobutyl cyanoacrylate nanoparticles by rat liver Kupffer, endothelial, and parenchymal cells.J Pharm Sci.1984;73:980–2. Lockman PR, Koziara JM, Mumper RJ, et al. Nanoparticle surface charges alter blood-brain barrier integrity and permeability.J Drug Target.2004;12:635–41. Panyam J, Zhou WZ, Prabha S, et al. Rapid endo-lysosomal escape of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles: implications for drug and gene delivery.FASEB J.2002;16:1217–26. Oberdà ¶rster G, Sharp Z, Atudorei V, et al. Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain.Inhalation Toxicol.2004;16:437–45.

Video Games and Violence Essay examples -- classical conditioning, pav

One of the main concerns with respect to violence in video games compared to other media is the fact that games are immersive, and interactive. They are repetitive, and based on a reward system which is a proven psychological component of classical conditioning discovered by Ivan Pavlov. This argument however has been going on since the days of the comic book in the 50's, and because of the graphic violence portrayed in them, parents blamed them for their children's bad behavior. It seems that blaming games, and other media in this way is quite a lazy view to take. Subsequently, it is really using game manufacturers as a scapegoat, while ignoring the bigger issue, the person who has committed this act of aggression or violence, and other issues that have brought them to this point. Apparently, according to a 2001 U.S. Surgeon General's report, the panic over video game violence is twice as harmful as it misdirects energy that could be used in helping kids with problems, and allows them to fester to the point where they break down, and act out in aggression. A more appropriate question would be "Do violent games inspire the gamer to cause violence"? If the game does make a person commit violence, then are they mature enough to be playing it in the first place? Does this mean though one learns to be violent from playing a violent game, any more than watching a violent film, or listening to an aggressive Hip-Hop or Rap song, and have a long term effect to make the player violent and aggressive in real life, where they may otherwise have been non-violent. A prison in Missouri seem to think that they do affect the player, as since 2004 they have been the first to remove them from prison privileges. Whether or not this has r... ...ey, n.p.: New York ; Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2007., University of Cumbria Library Catalogue, EBSCOhost, viewed 23 December 2013. Death Race. (2013) DEATH RACE (Video Game). [Online]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_Race_%281976_game%29. [Accessed 21/12/2013]. Egenfeldt-Nielsen, S. S., Smith, J. and Tosca, S. (2013) 'Video Games and Risks', Understanding Video Games, Second Edition. New York: Routledge, pp 255-277. Springer. (2013) Video games do not make vulnerable teens more violent. Available at: http://www.springer.com/about+springer/media/springer+select?SGWID=0-11001-6-1433942-0 (Accessed: 29/12/2013). Wendy Stogner. (2007) Do Video Games Cause Violence in Children?. Yahoo Voices. Weblog [Online] 23rd May. Available from: http://voices.yahoo.com/do-video-games-cause-violence-children-359143.html?cat=25. [Accessed 29/12/2013].

IAS 18 Revenue Recognition

Introduction This assignment features the recognition and measurement of revenue depending on the source of revenue in accordance with the provisions of International Accounting Standards (IAS) 18 Revenue. I researched the topic and defined the special purposes of the assignment: first of all, it is important to know the main concepts of IAS 18, also to learn the rules by using this particular regulatory framework, and to get knowledge about writing the report at all. The Report To: Managing DirectorFrom: Student A Regarding: IAS 18 Date: 3/11/2011 Introduction to the Report The Conference on International Accounting Standard (IAS) 18 Revenue was held to introduce the concepts of the regulatory framework of financial reporting and to represent the given information in convenient use of practice. The objective of IAS 18 is to prescribe the accounting treatment for revenue arising from certain types of transaction and events (Summaries of International Financial Reporting Standards, 20 01). Key definitionAccording to International Accounting Standard Committee (IASC) the Framework Revenue is income that arises in the course of ordinary activities of an enterprise and is referred to by a variety of different names including sales, fees, interest, dividends and royalties (IASC, 2000). So revenue is one of the most important indicators of accounting. It is a key factor of the profit, its assessment helps to build many financial indicators on the profitability of the activities of the organization, as well as return on investment.A key issue when recording revenue is to define the moment of its recognition. Revenue is recognized if it is likely that the organization will receive economic benefits in the future, and these benefits can be reliably measured. IAS 18 specifies conditions where these criteria are met and therefore the revenue recognizes. This standard also provides practical advice on the application of those criteria. Measurement of Revenue In accordance w ith IAS 18 revenue is usually determined by agreement between the supplier and the customer or user of the asset.This means that it is measured at fair value consideration, which the company has received or receivable; trade discounts and volume rebates provided by the enterprise are taken into the amount. The standard defines fair value as â€Å"the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction†. (IASC, 2000) As the fair value is often expressed in monetary terms, the revenue will be the amount that the company has received or receivable. This problem occurs when the incoming payment is deferred.In this case the present value of the payment will be less than its face value. So IAS 18 introduced the following requirement: the company must be discounting. In such circumstances all future receipts should be discounted using the imputed interest rate. The second problem in recogn izing the revenue arises in cases when the company offers its clients discounts for fast calculation. To comply with the requirements of IAS 18, discounts for fast payment should be measured at the time of the sale and deduct from the revenue.In cases when there is an exchange for goods or services similar in nature, cost of revenue does not arise. When exchanging a variety of goods, revenue is measured at fair value of the goods or services received, minus the amount transferred to cash or cash equivalents. Revenue recognition Revenue is recognized with regard to the certain points: the convincing evidence of an agreement with a customer, the delivering goods and the rendering of services. Sale of goodsThere are following criteria to recognize revenue from the sale of goods: * Significant risks and rewards associated with ownership of the goods passed from the seller to the buyer; * The company no longer participates in the management of the property, sold goods and it does not hav e control over them; * The amount of revenue can be reliably assessed; * Costs that should be suffered relating to a transaction can be measured reliably; * There will be probable economic benefits for the enterprise as a result of this operation. Rendering of servicesWhen the outcome of a transaction involving the rendering of services can be reliably estimated, revenue from the sale of services is based on the level of completion of the transaction at the balance sheet date. The outcome of a transaction can be measured reliably when: * The amount of the transaction can be reliably assessed; * There will be probability to get economic benefits for the enterprise as a result of this operation; * Level of completion of the transaction at the balance sheet date can be assessed; * Costs that should be suffered relating to a transaction can be measured reliably.Revenue from the provision of goods and all services is only recognized when the amounts to be recognized are fixed or determin able, and collectability is reasonably assured (Elliot B. , Elliot J. , 2007) Interest, royalties and dividends IAS 18 considers the accounting procedure of potential components of revenue organization primarily from transactions involving the sale of goods, rendering of services, as well as through other organizations or individuals property of the reporting organization, giving interest, dividends or royalties.If the probability of the economic benefits for the enterprise exists and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, income in the form of interest, royalties and dividends are recorded as follows: * Interest (fees that are levied for the use of cash and cash equivalents or amounts owed) should be recognized on a temporary basis, which is proportional to the effective yield of the asset; * Dividends (profit-sharing between the owners of the share capital in proportion to their participation in the capital of a particular class) should be recognized when the shareholders have the right to receive payment; * Royalties (fees for the use of fixed assets such as patents, trademarks, copyrights and computer software payments) should be recognized on an accrual basis according to the content of the relevant treaty. Disclosure requirements IAS 18 contains certain disclosure requirements because it is important to use disclosures to get the decision-useful information about an entity’s arrangements with customers.In the income statement, as well as in the financial statements should be disclosed the following information: a. The amount of each substantive article of the revenue received from the sale of goods, services, as well as the amount of interest, royalties and dividends; b. The amount of revenue arose from exchanges of goods or services; c. The methods used to designate the quantitative measures for the level of completion of the transactions in rendering of services. The disclosure requirements provide sufficient information to users of an entity’s financial statements about the changes in circumstances affecting those performance obligations (International Accounting Standards Board, 2008). Example of Revenue On 1/04/2010 Leather Ltd. eceived total subscriptions of â‚ ¬480,000. So as the result, the company is obliged to provide 24 monthly publications of the magazine. Dr Bank 480,000 Cr Deferred Income account 480,000 On 31/03/ 2011 the company has produced and sent out only 6 of the 24 publications, and the total cost of producing the 24 publications is â‚ ¬180,000. The average cost of each publication is the same amount. That means each publication cost 7,500 (â‚ ¬180,000/24). Consequently, the cost of production 6 publications is â‚ ¬45,000 (â‚ ¬7,500*6). For one year, from 1/04/2010 to 31/3/2011, company produced 6 publications. Therefore, to produce all 24 publications, the company should complete the order in 4 years.Thus, each year Leather Ltd. will earn â‚ ¬120,000 (â‚ ¬480,000/4) selling 6 publications. The organization will receive economic benefits in the future, and these benefits can be measured reliably. So 31/3/2011 revenue of the company is â‚ ¬120,000. Dr Deferred Income account 120,000 Cr Sales account 120,000 Income Statement of Leather Ltd. for the year ended 31st March 2011 Sales 120,000 Cost of production 45,000 Gross profit 75,000 Conclusion of the Report Revenue recognition criteria provided in IAS 18 â€Å"Revenue† should normally be applied to each operation separately.However, in certain circumstances, they must be applied to individual elements of a transaction in order to correctly reflect the sources of revenue. At the same time, on the contrary, recognition criteria can be applied simultaneously to two or more operations when their commercial effect cannot be determined without considering the operations as a whole. The provided conference helps to understand that the general principles of revenue recognition and measurement for financial reporting are extremely essential in the system of accounting rules formed by IAS. Signed: ____________ Conclusion The assignment represents the report that determines the important concepts of the regulatory framework defined by IAS 18 Revenue.While researching the following topic I got useful knowledge about the structure of the report. The assignment gives clear explanations of such terms as â€Å"revenue† and â€Å"fair value†, it also outlines important points of revenue recognition and measurement of the revenue. The assignment covers all information about how to recognize revenue and there is the particular example on revenue recognition. Bibliography ELLIOT, B. , ELLIOT, J. , (2007). Financial Accounting and Reporting. Accounting and reporting on an accrual accounting basis. 11th edition. London: Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd. , p. 26. International Accounting Standards Committee (2000). International Accounting Standards Explained.Accounting fo r revenue and Expenses Revenue. London: Copyright of IASC, p. 321. International Accounting Standards Committee (2000), International Accounting Standards Explained, Accounting for Revenue and Expenses Revenue. London: Copyright of IASC, p 322. Preliminary Views on Revenue Recognition in Contracts with Customer. International Accounting Standards Board, 2008. p. 77 http://www. iasb. org/NR/rdonlyres/0E3D5E00-B961-42F0-BA64-AB1D20BB9FE9/0/DP_PreliminaryViewsRevenueRecognition1208. pdf Accessed: 24 Oct 2011 Summaries of International Financial Reporting Standards. Deloitte, 2001. http://www. iasplus. com/standard/ias18. htm. Accessed: 20 Oct 2011

Franklin Delaney Roosevelt essays

Franklin Delaney Roosevelt essays Born in 1882, Franklin Delaney Roosevelt, nicknamed FDR by the press, was born into a very wealthy family. He still remained to carry a genuine compassion for ordinary people and a great spirit of optimism which the country badly needed. He graduated from Harvard University and although his main interest was politics, he decided to take a job in a law firm. In 1920 FDR ran for Vice President but did not make it. The following summer, at the age of twenty-nine, he came down with polio, only to remain paralyzed for the rest of his life. Using steel braces and a cane, FDR, along with the help of his son and aides, remained to disguise the fact that he was crippled, reason being that he was too determined and strong-minded to show anybody his real weakness involving his health. FDR spent much time recovering at Warm Springs in Georgia, where this was sometimes his only escape out of his busy life. After his success as governor of New York, many supporters of FDR believed he should try for the presidency. So it was, in the election of 1932, FDR would b ecome president for the next twelve years. During the time when FDR was the United States president, there were two major crises in the hands of the nation. Although FDR promised many Americans that there would be no war with Germany, there certainly was; FDR tried to devise a plan with Churchill to defeat Hitler and have everlasting victory over this man. At this same time, FDRs assistant, Missy Halliand, suffered a stroke and was never the same again. FDR kept himself in his own state of loneliness, probably never to be the same man again. Three days after the U.S.S. Greer was fired on, FDRs mother fell sick and he sat by her side until she died. He would often ask his daughter Anna to take him to her grave where he would sit for hours; he found safeness and security when he was there. Shortly ...

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The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger Holdens Character "The Catcher in the Rye," by J.D. Salinger, has many great characters. Holden is one of the most interesting characters I have ever come across. He is about sixteen years old and he goes to Pencey High in Pennsylvania. Stradlater is Holden's roommate. Holden is a mean kind of guy but he never shows it. He is almost always nice and never shows his anger. On the other hand, Stradlater is a very mean character. He is one of those guys who can be a total jerk but still get all of the ladies. Holden is very annoyed by this and is extremely jealous of him. In a way Holden kind of seems maybe homosexual, because he is always getting jealous of other guys and saying that they are sexy, such as Stradlater. But I will explain this more thoroughly later.The first girl that Stradlater dates in the book is a girl named Jane Gallagher.A perfectly reasonable pub, though the decor's a b...At first Stradlater does not even get her name right, yet he is still going on a date with her. Holden knows thi s girl very well. He says that he is really good friends with her. It seems as if Holden really wants to date Jane but he can't because Stradlater ahs already taken her. Again, he is incredibly jealous of Stradlater and wants to be more like him.

European Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

European Law - Coursework Example & M. Coleman (1998). Preceding decades have witnessed enormous variations in the mode progressing nations administer their economy. It is observable that most regimes are drifting away from central planning toward underpinning a free fall market economy and enhancing the expansion of remote, independent owned commerce. Most state economies have become rather reliant on the abilities of personal companies that have been decisive regarding manufacturing of goods as well as services oriented on bazaar indicators. A gesture of liberalization across the globe has seen regimes pull out, in great aspect, from offering goods as well as structures and social amenities for their persons, Wilberforce, Richard (1996). National variations have taken place at the same interlude as enormous changes have swept the universal economy. Commodities commerce has become liberalized and more capital is accessible. Companies ubiquitously are advice to export while coupled with greater competition from imports no longer subject to high tariffs as well as foreign forms that construct commercial operations locally. More so, corporate organizations found in developing nations are progressively related with trading overseas by means of authorization, outsourcing, or long term purveying dealings. Conversely the bazaar is never completely liberal. Hindrances can emerge from the state that endeavors to secure its people. Privatized services and structure utility purveyors are controlled guarantee first rate coverage as well as eminent utility; financial structures are subject to prudential as well as other restrictions to guarantee constancy as well as good concert; health service suppliers have to meet regime-set specifications of care and conduct; and manufacturers of goods and utility have to abide by quality, functionality and safety specifications. A subsequent aspect of moderation emerges within the bazaar and is immensely objected at exploiting and over-taxing clients and regimes. Hush-hush companies conglomerate to agree on artifacts costs as well as utility, disagree to compete with each o ther or to outwit new entrants or in the case of mammoth companies, fundamentally exploit their supremacy in the bazaar. With the advents of globalization emerge the probability that these restriction enhance for the diffusion of proceeds as well as earnings overseas. Regimes are not always blameless in this subsequent form of restraint; inadequately developed control, inadequate supervision, opaque bidding traditions, as well as unqualified dishonesty all hamper with rivalry. Myriad legal structures and edicts do subsist to contradict this latter form of temperance. Collectively acknowledged as competition regulation, as well as policy, they have also been known as antitrust or antimonopoly set of laws. Divergent terms depend enormously on mores and practices rather than the substance of the edicts and policies themselves.Dominion has been viewed as a profligate and as closing off prospects for rival companies to sell off their artifacts. The affinity for proficiency and to enhance entry and novelty have supported much of the

Online Services Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Quality Improvement in the Concrete Blocks' Production Thesis

Quality Improvement in the Concrete Blocks' Production - Thesis Example Corrective Action and Preventive Action 22 2.5. Implementing ISO9001:2008 22 2.5.1. The Quality Statement 22 2.5.2. Document Control 25 2.5.3. Quality Processes 27 2.5.4. Quality Assessment or Baseline 28 2.5.5. Internal Audit 29 2.5.5.1. Root Cause Analysis 30 2.5.5.2. Corrective and Preventive Measures 31 2.5.5.3. Internal Audit 32 2.5.6. External Audit 34 2.5.7. Goal Setting 35 3. Methodology 36 4. Bibliography 54 Quality Improvement in the Concrete Blocks’ Production 1. Introduction ISO 9001:2008 is a set of criteria that can be applied to all organizations regardless of type, size and product or service provided e[Hoy-09). No matter the industry a properly implemented ISO 9001:2008 forces the organization to exceed itself by letting each department involved in production of its product to do a better job after each internal audit [Phil-09]. The primary question that will be answered in this paper shall be whether or not the implementation of the ISO 9001:2008 in the proc esses involved in the manufacture of concrete blocks will improve the quality of each block manufactured by the organization. The secondary question that will be answered by this dissertation shall be: what are the steps involved in the implementation of the ISO 9001:2008? The third question that needs to be answered will be: what are the organizational processes that will be affected by the implementation of the ISO 9001:2008? Another quern that will be posited shall be: how can the quality be improved or maintained when the ISO 9001:2008 is fully operational or implemented already. Using the collective experiences of authors and industry practitioners of ISO 9001:2008 an implementation framework will be developed for an organization that manufactures concrete block to ensure if not guarantee its quality (Cia - 1t). The primary impetus for the organization in ensuring the quality of the concrete blocks they manufacture is to ensure the safety of the people that will be using th em (Cia -101). Concrete blocks are used as walls or support structure of buildings. An improperly produced concrete block could result to injury and even death (Kal). Not only it is imperative to ensure the safety of the concrete blocks but also another immediate concern would be to ensure that the whole production process is efficient and can offer a maximum yield.  The Plan Do Check Act is in the heart of the Toyota way of doing things (Sobek II and Smalley). Toyota has been studied and have been written about several times that it is negligent not to include the lessoned that we can learn in the way they used the Plan Do Check Act concept in their management style. Toyota being the most successful implementation of the concept has not stopped in developing new ways of improving itself. In the true essence of its adherence of continual improvement in the Plan Do Check Act framework the â€Å"Toyota Way† was developed (Lik - 04). The ISO 9001:2008 and its predecessor Qualit y Management Systems have strictly used the same concept in the operation and implementation of the ISO framework. All the authors through their work have been one in saying that the first step towards achieving success in the implementation of a Quality Management System is the organization’s determination and dedication in settling the current state of its manufacturing processes. To determine the current state of the manufacturing process to produce quality products the following has to be established first. What constitute quality in the creation of quality

Two Leaders S. Jobs and R. Branson Essay Example for Free

Two Leaders S. Jobs and R. Branson Essay This project report is based on comparison made between two leaders knows as CEO of Apple Company Late Steve Jobs and CEO of Virgin Group Sir Richard Branson. In this project report both Leaders have been compared and contrasted according to their leadership qualities, skills, attitudes, personalities and value system owned by each of them. According to this given project report comparison made between both the leaders shows that Richard Branson is considered as an effective Leader because he is participative and charismatic in nature. He possesses several leadership, managerial and entrepreneurial skills and qualities. Sum up, according to analysis of given project, this report provides some recommendations regarding the Leadership styles and qualities to be followed in organizations. * There is no single style of leadership to be followed by leaders because leaders must change their styles according to required situation. * An effective leader has qualities such as honesty, loyalty, responsibility, excellent communication, enthusiasm, motivation, competence and etc. * Successful Leaders are required for managing conflicts, framing appropriate decisions, thinking strategically, empowering employees, and designing team based structures (Mind Tools Ltd 2013). * Steve Jobs and Sir Richard Branson both applied similar approach of being a transformational leader and valued factors such as quality and innovation for creating a successful and sustainable business. * Steve Jobs Late CEO of Apple Company was an autocratic and transactional leader. He was having excellent communication and technical skills for applying it to new technologies but he lacked interpersonal skills with him. * Richard Branson CEO of Virgin Group is considered as participative, charismatic, and leader. He possessed skills such as interpersonal, communication, negotiation and persuasion for diversifying several brands under a single virgin group. * Sir Richard Branson is compared and contrasted according to certain attributes such as personality, values, emotions and leadership qualities and is found more effective as compared to Steve Jobs. Table of ContentsPage No 1.0Introduction Leaders are typically thought to be individuals who create a strong influence on others. For an example in global business environment Leaders have been creating difference with their qualities and styles followed by them. The effective Leaders have qualities such as honesty, responsibility, loyalty, enthusiasm, determination, creative, adaptability, good communication, empathy, competence, respect and acting as a source of motivation for the followers. In an era of globalization Leaders are creating an edge over their competitors by applying leadership Qualities. 1.1Aim The aim of this project report is to compare and contrast two global Leaders such as Steve Jobs and Richard Branson. It will highlight similarities and dissimilarities between two leaders and their leadership styles. Among two leaders, best Leader and his Leadership qualities followed by him to lead the organization is being explained in this report. The effective leadership skills and qualities making them successful are described in detail. The factors that can make a successful Leader, manager and entrepreneur in any situation are explained in this project report. In this project Report, Steve Jobs and Richard Branson have been defined as Leaders from Business perspective. Both the Leaders have been compared and contrasted according to their Leadership qualities. Among the two Leaders one of an effective Leader is identified by comparing and contrasting the leadership qualities. 2.0 Who is a Leader? To begin with the discussion, Leaders need to be defined in detail. A Leader is one who leads from front and has got an ability to influence others for getting the work done successfully (Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012). In an organization Leaders are required for managing the conflicts, framing appropriate decisions, thinking strategically, empowering employees, and designing team based structures. Leaders possess knowledge, skills and expertise regarding several fields. Several Leadership styles can be followed by Leaders such as participative, directive, charismatic, transformational and transactional style. Participative leaders are those who support the employees by providing them resources and helping them. Directive Leaders are autocratic in nature and want the employees to complete their task in given time frame. Charismatic Leaders are those who can inspire employees to follow his instructions. They are the vision creator for an organization. Transformational Leaders are those who can create self interest within employees for achieving the objectives. Transactional Leaders want employees to achieve the set goals and targets. This report is provided fair analysis of Leadership qualities and styles followed in Business environment globally. There is no single style of leadership which is considered the best one. According to situations Leaders must have an ability to adapt particular leadership style (MGR Consulting 2006). However, there are many examples which highlights that Leaders are developed in organization by implementing Leadership development programs. 3.0Discussion 3.1Two Leaders as Steve Jobs and Richard Branson In this project report the two Leaders Steve Jobs and Richard Branson are being explained. Steve Jobs was the Late CEO of Apple Computers Inc (Leadership with You 2012). He was born on 1955 at US and was a Board Member at Walt Disney Company. He was innovative and critical thinker in nature which helped him to climb the ladder of success. He created one of the most valuable companies of world. Steve Jobs loved to experiment with electronics products which helped him to create a niche market for apple products. Apple is a leader in I-pod and I-phones which attract the youths. The competitors of Apple used re-positioning strategies immediately after launching of their products. Richard Branson is the chairman of Virgin Group and was born on 1950 at United Kingdom. He started his career by recording and latter he owned Virgin Airlines. He is being addressed by giving title as â€Å"Sir† listed in the list of wealthiest entrepreneur’s of Britain. Virgin is one of the most reputed brands existing in more than thirty countries of world, and it is diversified into several segments. Steve Jobs Richard Branson both are treated as global leaders for following their respective leadership qualities and styles. 3.2 Compare and Contrast Two Leaders The two leaders know as Late CEO of Apple Steve Jobs and owner of Virgin Group Sir Richard Branson is being compared and Contrasted in this paragraph. * Comparison between two Leaders Steve Job was autocratic in nature and wanted to work with likeminded people. He wanted himself to be involved in each and every detail for getting expected result from his employees (Richard Hughes, R Ginnett, Gordon J Curphy 2009). He was a transformational and transactional leader too. He acted as transactional Leader, by creating vision for Apple Company and encouraging all employees to link their performance for achieving set goals and targets. He acted as a transformational leader by focusing all around Apple’s technology and motivating employees to create self interest for making it one of the most valuable and appreciated Brand all across the Globe (Conceivably Tech 2012). He carried such as personality which will be remembered in terms of technology for many years. Richard Branson and Steve Jobs worked with passion and dedication to get effective results for creating things which could make them feel proud. Sir Richard Branson also worked with people for creating difference in similar manner as Steve Job created. He believed in creating something which worth for quality similarly as Steve Jobs did for Apple. Richard Branson and Steve Jobs acted as transformational Leader for striving best qualities among their people. In brief both Leaders positioned their organization all across the globe by providing superior quality of product, services with strong Brand Image. * Contrast between Two Leaders The difference between both the Leaders and their Leadership styles are being listed with bullet points. * Steve Jobs was an autocratic Leader and followed an Authoritarian Leadership style. He believed in getting excellence from his employees whereas Richard Branson is participative and delegative in nature. * Steve Jobs had a personality to be centre of attraction for getting any activity being done at Apple whereas Richard Branson provides complete autonomy to his employees for getting things done in a better manner. * Steve jobs acted as a good communicator where as Richard Branson believe in listening others for avoiding mistakes (Finnie, Scot 2011). * Steve Jobs believed in holding power in his hand whereas Sir Richard Branson believe that distribution of power is effective for diversifying the business. * Steve Jobs used concept of firing and forcing for employees to deliver the desired outcome whereas Sir Richard Branson believe that an organization is created and developed by people. * Jobs believed that Business can be managed with great ideas whereas Richard Branson stated that fun should be created, employees should be rewarded for their ideas. According to skills, qualities and attributes required by the Leaders, effectiveness of Richard Branson as a Leader will be explained in this project report. 3.3One of the Effective Leader’s According to both Leaders, Sir Richard Branson can be considered as an effective leader. The leadership qualities possessed by him are being researched and explained in detail. Richard Branson is the figurehead of Virgin Group. According to researchers, the three factors which highlight the leadership traits of Richard Branson are smile and work with friendly approach, enjoy fun at work, and appreciate the ideas of employees. According to (Paul Beeston 2010) there are certain attributes which is being possessed by Richard Branson. They are segmented below. Personality: Richard Branson Personality states certain attributes such as he is a charming, caring, sensitive, frank and enthusiastic Leader. Values: He applies attributes to value system for growing the business at Virgin Group. It includes factors such as quality, working in team, competition, reliability, fun and innovation. Emotions: He is emotional and applied attributes by being good listener, encourager, and communicator. Leadership Attributes: Richard Branson is a charismatic, participative and transformational leader who could create vision of Virgin Group and diversified it by being participative. He applies principle of time management and valued contribution of employees at Virgin Group. He is having and ability to find right talent and create an environment where he can fit them. According to Branson, Learning takes place by committing mistakes and negotiation takes place by persuading others. He is a true motivator for employees at Virgin group by encouraging informality. He believes in building interpersonal relationship, accepts the challenges by experimenting things. Therefore from the above attributes which are being highlighted it can be stated that Richard Branson is more effective as compared to Steve Jobs while applying Leadership qualities. However Richard Branson we will explain the skills being possessed by Steve Jobs and Richard Branson in this project report 3.4 Skills Demonstrated by Both the Leaders. The leaders need to demonstrate certain skills for marking their presence as Leaders in Business environment. To grow the business effective communication should take place. Steve Jobs had a good communication and an entrepreneur skill. He acted as a good team Leader and implemented strategies upon the team members. He worked with perseverance skill and focused on providing quality products. He had innovating skill and technical skills which was applied for designing new technologies to make apple a reputed brand all across the globe. According to him Continuous Learning is required for a Leader and his employees of Organization to create a valuable Brand. He believed in hiring loyal people which shows that he was ethical and loyal towards Apple Company. However, Steve Jobs lacked to build better interpersonal relations because he had autocratic leadership skills. He had entrepreneurial skills which helped him to bear the risk at Apple (Mansueto Ventures LLC 2013). Virgin Group is on e of the most reputed companies of the world. Richard Branson applies several skills to manage the business which is diversified into more than 300 brands. He is a good listener and values employee’s contribution a lot. He believes in learning from the past mistakes so that time could be saved from committing a new mistake in future. People management skill is being applied by him for empowering the employees at Virgin Group. He applies interpersonal skills to build relationship with customers, stakeholders, and suppliers of virgin group. He possesses additional skills such as being flexible, selling skills, negotiation and appropriate leadership skills. However he also applies leadership and management skills by being participative, charismatic and transformational. Thus it can be demonstrated that both Leaders possessed different skills to manage the business in global environment. However Richard Branson has got more skills which helped virgin group to grow immensely. 3.5 Reasons making successful Leader, Manager’s Entrepreneur Nevertheless, there are certain factors which affect the business environment such as changing customer demand frequently, technology, and fluctuations in the economies. To cope up with such factors organizations need to develop leaders for sustaining and growing their business by accepting the challenges. Steve Jobs and Richard Branson both became successful leaders in their respective areas by creating ideas and vision for their companies, giving respect to customers, stakeholders and employees, communicating transparently, implementing appropriate decisions during critical situations, assuring accountability, supporting the team based working structures, enforcing the learning attitude among themselves and their employees, and adapting changes made in terms of technologies (Donald Patterson 2009). According to Henry Fayol managers are those individuals who have an ability to plan, organize, coordinate and control the flow of activities for achieving the organizational goals. Steve Jobs and Richard Branson acted as Managers to become successful and created an edge for their organization by coaching and counseling their employees, delegating the work appropriately, valuing each other to motivate the employees, developing and following a proper corporate culture, managing the time, and analyzing the risks with analytical skills (Management Advisory Service UK Ltd 2011). As an entrepreneur Steve Jobs and Richard Branson have qualities such as an ability to take higher risks, enjoy the work, act as a promoter, know their customers, experimenting with technologies, creating an edge over others, grabbing the opportunity, negotiating with stakeholders, and managing the time effectively. As an entrepreneur Richard Branson states that he admired Steve Jobs a lot. According to him, one should hire employees according to need. When there is an unnoticed opportunity to everyone, there are high chances of converting it to the vision in reality (The Branson Centre of e ntrepreneurship 2011). Thus these were the reasons which made Steve Jobs and Richard Branson as successful leader, manager and entrepreneur in their respective business. 4.0 Conclusion From the above report it can be concluded that Leaders have an ability to lead from the front by creating influence upon their employees in an organization. In an era of globalization business has to undergo several changes in terms of demographics, technology, culture and economic changes. To cope up with existing and emerging challenges leaders need to implement the successful qualities such of leaders, managers and entrepreneurs. In this project report Steve jobs CEO of Apple Company and Richard Branson CEO of Virgin group are being compared and contrasted. They have been compared in terms of their leadership qualities, styles being followed, skills implemented by them, personality, values, and emotions with respect to certain attributes. Steve Jobs was considered as autocratic and self centered Leader who focused more on technical skills whereas Richard Branson is considered as charismatic, participative and transformational leader who has strong interpersonal skills for managing the business. Steve Jobs focused more towards work whereas Richard Branson enjoys fun at work. Thus according to leadership, managerial and entrepreneurial qualities possessed by both the Leaders, Sir Richard Branson is considered as an effective Leader because he has ability to diversify business into several segments under a single virgin Group. 5.0 Recommendations However, perfect and effective leaders are those who have an ability to accept the critics and move ahead by managing several changes. The recommendations are listed in bullet points. * There is no single style of leadership which is considered the best one. There are several qualities possessed by leaders and styles must be changed according to required situation. * An effective leader has qualities such as honesty, loyalty, responsibility, excellent communication, enthusiasm, motivation, competence and etc. * Successful Leaders are required for managing conflicts, framing appropriate decisions, thinking strategically, empowering employees, and designing team based structures (Mind Tools Ltd 2013). * Steve Jobs and Sir Richard Branson both applied similar approach of being a transformational leader and valued factors such as quality and innovation for creating a successful and sustainable business. * According to this project report, Steve Jobs CEO of Apple Company was an autocratic and transactional leader. He was having excellent communication and technical skills for applying it to new technologies but he lacked interpersonal skills with him. * Richard Branson CEO of Virgin Group is considered as participative, charismatic, and leader. He possesses skills such as interpersonal, communication, negotiation and persuading for diversifying several brands under a single virgin group. * Sir Richard Branson is compared and contrasted according to certain attributes such as personality, values, emotions and leadership qualities and was found more effective as compared to Steve Jobs. Although Richard Branson admired Steve Jobs a lot but he states that fun should be created to bring new ideas into business. 6.0 References R. L. Hughes, R.C. Ginnett, G.J. Curphy, 2012, Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience, 7th edn, McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York. Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012,†Leader†, viewed on 11-01-2013, http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/leader MGR Consulting 2006,†Why we need Leaders†, Accessed on 11-01-2013, http://mgrconsulting.com/Newsletters/eNewsletter_06_02.pdf Leadership with You 2012,†Steve Jobs Leadership Case Study†, Accessed on 11-01-2013, http://www.leadership-with-you.com/steve-jobs-leadership.html Conceivably Tech 2012,†Defining Leadership: Sir Richard Branson†, viewed on 11-01-2013, http://www.conceivablytech.com/9668/business/defining-leadership-sir-richard-branson Richard Hughes, R Ginnett, Gordon J Curphy 2009, Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience† Journal of Education for Business†, vol.6, pp-189 Finnie, Scot 2011,Steve Jobs’ Indelible Mark,† Finnie, Scot 2011†, vo l.45, no.19, pp 49 Paul Beeston 2010, Belief Model for the Leadership of Richard Branson,† Change in Mind Ltd†.