Quality Improvement in the Concrete Blocks' Production Thesis

Quality Improvement in the Concrete Blocks' Production - Thesis Example Corrective Action and Preventive Action 22 2.5. Implementing ISO9001:2008 22 2.5.1. The Quality Statement 22 2.5.2. Document Control 25 2.5.3. Quality Processes 27 2.5.4. Quality Assessment or Baseline 28 2.5.5. Internal Audit 29 2.5.5.1. Root Cause Analysis 30 2.5.5.2. Corrective and Preventive Measures 31 2.5.5.3. Internal Audit 32 2.5.6. External Audit 34 2.5.7. Goal Setting 35 3. Methodology 36 4. Bibliography 54 Quality Improvement in the Concrete Blocks’ Production 1. Introduction ISO 9001:2008 is a set of criteria that can be applied to all organizations regardless of type, size and product or service provided e[Hoy-09). No matter the industry a properly implemented ISO 9001:2008 forces the organization to exceed itself by letting each department involved in production of its product to do a better job after each internal audit [Phil-09]. The primary question that will be answered in this paper shall be whether or not the implementation of the ISO 9001:2008 in the proc esses involved in the manufacture of concrete blocks will improve the quality of each block manufactured by the organization. The secondary question that will be answered by this dissertation shall be: what are the steps involved in the implementation of the ISO 9001:2008? The third question that needs to be answered will be: what are the organizational processes that will be affected by the implementation of the ISO 9001:2008? Another quern that will be posited shall be: how can the quality be improved or maintained when the ISO 9001:2008 is fully operational or implemented already. Using the collective experiences of authors and industry practitioners of ISO 9001:2008 an implementation framework will be developed for an organization that manufactures concrete block to ensure if not guarantee its quality (Cia - 1t). The primary impetus for the organization in ensuring the quality of the concrete blocks they manufacture is to ensure the safety of the people that will be using th em (Cia -101). Concrete blocks are used as walls or support structure of buildings. An improperly produced concrete block could result to injury and even death (Kal). Not only it is imperative to ensure the safety of the concrete blocks but also another immediate concern would be to ensure that the whole production process is efficient and can offer a maximum yield.  The Plan Do Check Act is in the heart of the Toyota way of doing things (Sobek II and Smalley). Toyota has been studied and have been written about several times that it is negligent not to include the lessoned that we can learn in the way they used the Plan Do Check Act concept in their management style. Toyota being the most successful implementation of the concept has not stopped in developing new ways of improving itself. In the true essence of its adherence of continual improvement in the Plan Do Check Act framework the â€Å"Toyota Way† was developed (Lik - 04). The ISO 9001:2008 and its predecessor Qualit y Management Systems have strictly used the same concept in the operation and implementation of the ISO framework. All the authors through their work have been one in saying that the first step towards achieving success in the implementation of a Quality Management System is the organization’s determination and dedication in settling the current state of its manufacturing processes. To determine the current state of the manufacturing process to produce quality products the following has to be established first. What constitute quality in the creation of quality

Two Leaders S. Jobs and R. Branson Essay Example for Free

Two Leaders S. Jobs and R. Branson Essay This project report is based on comparison made between two leaders knows as CEO of Apple Company Late Steve Jobs and CEO of Virgin Group Sir Richard Branson. In this project report both Leaders have been compared and contrasted according to their leadership qualities, skills, attitudes, personalities and value system owned by each of them. According to this given project report comparison made between both the leaders shows that Richard Branson is considered as an effective Leader because he is participative and charismatic in nature. He possesses several leadership, managerial and entrepreneurial skills and qualities. Sum up, according to analysis of given project, this report provides some recommendations regarding the Leadership styles and qualities to be followed in organizations. * There is no single style of leadership to be followed by leaders because leaders must change their styles according to required situation. * An effective leader has qualities such as honesty, loyalty, responsibility, excellent communication, enthusiasm, motivation, competence and etc. * Successful Leaders are required for managing conflicts, framing appropriate decisions, thinking strategically, empowering employees, and designing team based structures (Mind Tools Ltd 2013). * Steve Jobs and Sir Richard Branson both applied similar approach of being a transformational leader and valued factors such as quality and innovation for creating a successful and sustainable business. * Steve Jobs Late CEO of Apple Company was an autocratic and transactional leader. He was having excellent communication and technical skills for applying it to new technologies but he lacked interpersonal skills with him. * Richard Branson CEO of Virgin Group is considered as participative, charismatic, and leader. He possessed skills such as interpersonal, communication, negotiation and persuasion for diversifying several brands under a single virgin group. * Sir Richard Branson is compared and contrasted according to certain attributes such as personality, values, emotions and leadership qualities and is found more effective as compared to Steve Jobs. Table of ContentsPage No 1.0Introduction Leaders are typically thought to be individuals who create a strong influence on others. For an example in global business environment Leaders have been creating difference with their qualities and styles followed by them. The effective Leaders have qualities such as honesty, responsibility, loyalty, enthusiasm, determination, creative, adaptability, good communication, empathy, competence, respect and acting as a source of motivation for the followers. In an era of globalization Leaders are creating an edge over their competitors by applying leadership Qualities. 1.1Aim The aim of this project report is to compare and contrast two global Leaders such as Steve Jobs and Richard Branson. It will highlight similarities and dissimilarities between two leaders and their leadership styles. Among two leaders, best Leader and his Leadership qualities followed by him to lead the organization is being explained in this report. The effective leadership skills and qualities making them successful are described in detail. The factors that can make a successful Leader, manager and entrepreneur in any situation are explained in this project report. In this project Report, Steve Jobs and Richard Branson have been defined as Leaders from Business perspective. Both the Leaders have been compared and contrasted according to their Leadership qualities. Among the two Leaders one of an effective Leader is identified by comparing and contrasting the leadership qualities. 2.0 Who is a Leader? To begin with the discussion, Leaders need to be defined in detail. A Leader is one who leads from front and has got an ability to influence others for getting the work done successfully (Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012). In an organization Leaders are required for managing the conflicts, framing appropriate decisions, thinking strategically, empowering employees, and designing team based structures. Leaders possess knowledge, skills and expertise regarding several fields. Several Leadership styles can be followed by Leaders such as participative, directive, charismatic, transformational and transactional style. Participative leaders are those who support the employees by providing them resources and helping them. Directive Leaders are autocratic in nature and want the employees to complete their task in given time frame. Charismatic Leaders are those who can inspire employees to follow his instructions. They are the vision creator for an organization. Transformational Leaders are those who can create self interest within employees for achieving the objectives. Transactional Leaders want employees to achieve the set goals and targets. This report is provided fair analysis of Leadership qualities and styles followed in Business environment globally. There is no single style of leadership which is considered the best one. According to situations Leaders must have an ability to adapt particular leadership style (MGR Consulting 2006). However, there are many examples which highlights that Leaders are developed in organization by implementing Leadership development programs. 3.0Discussion 3.1Two Leaders as Steve Jobs and Richard Branson In this project report the two Leaders Steve Jobs and Richard Branson are being explained. Steve Jobs was the Late CEO of Apple Computers Inc (Leadership with You 2012). He was born on 1955 at US and was a Board Member at Walt Disney Company. He was innovative and critical thinker in nature which helped him to climb the ladder of success. He created one of the most valuable companies of world. Steve Jobs loved to experiment with electronics products which helped him to create a niche market for apple products. Apple is a leader in I-pod and I-phones which attract the youths. The competitors of Apple used re-positioning strategies immediately after launching of their products. Richard Branson is the chairman of Virgin Group and was born on 1950 at United Kingdom. He started his career by recording and latter he owned Virgin Airlines. He is being addressed by giving title as â€Å"Sir† listed in the list of wealthiest entrepreneur’s of Britain. Virgin is one of the most reputed brands existing in more than thirty countries of world, and it is diversified into several segments. Steve Jobs Richard Branson both are treated as global leaders for following their respective leadership qualities and styles. 3.2 Compare and Contrast Two Leaders The two leaders know as Late CEO of Apple Steve Jobs and owner of Virgin Group Sir Richard Branson is being compared and Contrasted in this paragraph. * Comparison between two Leaders Steve Job was autocratic in nature and wanted to work with likeminded people. He wanted himself to be involved in each and every detail for getting expected result from his employees (Richard Hughes, R Ginnett, Gordon J Curphy 2009). He was a transformational and transactional leader too. He acted as transactional Leader, by creating vision for Apple Company and encouraging all employees to link their performance for achieving set goals and targets. He acted as a transformational leader by focusing all around Apple’s technology and motivating employees to create self interest for making it one of the most valuable and appreciated Brand all across the Globe (Conceivably Tech 2012). He carried such as personality which will be remembered in terms of technology for many years. Richard Branson and Steve Jobs worked with passion and dedication to get effective results for creating things which could make them feel proud. Sir Richard Branson also worked with people for creating difference in similar manner as Steve Job created. He believed in creating something which worth for quality similarly as Steve Jobs did for Apple. Richard Branson and Steve Jobs acted as transformational Leader for striving best qualities among their people. In brief both Leaders positioned their organization all across the globe by providing superior quality of product, services with strong Brand Image. * Contrast between Two Leaders The difference between both the Leaders and their Leadership styles are being listed with bullet points. * Steve Jobs was an autocratic Leader and followed an Authoritarian Leadership style. He believed in getting excellence from his employees whereas Richard Branson is participative and delegative in nature. * Steve Jobs had a personality to be centre of attraction for getting any activity being done at Apple whereas Richard Branson provides complete autonomy to his employees for getting things done in a better manner. * Steve jobs acted as a good communicator where as Richard Branson believe in listening others for avoiding mistakes (Finnie, Scot 2011). * Steve Jobs believed in holding power in his hand whereas Sir Richard Branson believe that distribution of power is effective for diversifying the business. * Steve Jobs used concept of firing and forcing for employees to deliver the desired outcome whereas Sir Richard Branson believe that an organization is created and developed by people. * Jobs believed that Business can be managed with great ideas whereas Richard Branson stated that fun should be created, employees should be rewarded for their ideas. According to skills, qualities and attributes required by the Leaders, effectiveness of Richard Branson as a Leader will be explained in this project report. 3.3One of the Effective Leader’s According to both Leaders, Sir Richard Branson can be considered as an effective leader. The leadership qualities possessed by him are being researched and explained in detail. Richard Branson is the figurehead of Virgin Group. According to researchers, the three factors which highlight the leadership traits of Richard Branson are smile and work with friendly approach, enjoy fun at work, and appreciate the ideas of employees. According to (Paul Beeston 2010) there are certain attributes which is being possessed by Richard Branson. They are segmented below. Personality: Richard Branson Personality states certain attributes such as he is a charming, caring, sensitive, frank and enthusiastic Leader. Values: He applies attributes to value system for growing the business at Virgin Group. It includes factors such as quality, working in team, competition, reliability, fun and innovation. Emotions: He is emotional and applied attributes by being good listener, encourager, and communicator. Leadership Attributes: Richard Branson is a charismatic, participative and transformational leader who could create vision of Virgin Group and diversified it by being participative. He applies principle of time management and valued contribution of employees at Virgin Group. He is having and ability to find right talent and create an environment where he can fit them. According to Branson, Learning takes place by committing mistakes and negotiation takes place by persuading others. He is a true motivator for employees at Virgin group by encouraging informality. He believes in building interpersonal relationship, accepts the challenges by experimenting things. Therefore from the above attributes which are being highlighted it can be stated that Richard Branson is more effective as compared to Steve Jobs while applying Leadership qualities. However Richard Branson we will explain the skills being possessed by Steve Jobs and Richard Branson in this project report 3.4 Skills Demonstrated by Both the Leaders. The leaders need to demonstrate certain skills for marking their presence as Leaders in Business environment. To grow the business effective communication should take place. Steve Jobs had a good communication and an entrepreneur skill. He acted as a good team Leader and implemented strategies upon the team members. He worked with perseverance skill and focused on providing quality products. He had innovating skill and technical skills which was applied for designing new technologies to make apple a reputed brand all across the globe. According to him Continuous Learning is required for a Leader and his employees of Organization to create a valuable Brand. He believed in hiring loyal people which shows that he was ethical and loyal towards Apple Company. However, Steve Jobs lacked to build better interpersonal relations because he had autocratic leadership skills. He had entrepreneurial skills which helped him to bear the risk at Apple (Mansueto Ventures LLC 2013). Virgin Group is on e of the most reputed companies of the world. Richard Branson applies several skills to manage the business which is diversified into more than 300 brands. He is a good listener and values employee’s contribution a lot. He believes in learning from the past mistakes so that time could be saved from committing a new mistake in future. People management skill is being applied by him for empowering the employees at Virgin Group. He applies interpersonal skills to build relationship with customers, stakeholders, and suppliers of virgin group. He possesses additional skills such as being flexible, selling skills, negotiation and appropriate leadership skills. However he also applies leadership and management skills by being participative, charismatic and transformational. Thus it can be demonstrated that both Leaders possessed different skills to manage the business in global environment. However Richard Branson has got more skills which helped virgin group to grow immensely. 3.5 Reasons making successful Leader, Manager’s Entrepreneur Nevertheless, there are certain factors which affect the business environment such as changing customer demand frequently, technology, and fluctuations in the economies. To cope up with such factors organizations need to develop leaders for sustaining and growing their business by accepting the challenges. Steve Jobs and Richard Branson both became successful leaders in their respective areas by creating ideas and vision for their companies, giving respect to customers, stakeholders and employees, communicating transparently, implementing appropriate decisions during critical situations, assuring accountability, supporting the team based working structures, enforcing the learning attitude among themselves and their employees, and adapting changes made in terms of technologies (Donald Patterson 2009). According to Henry Fayol managers are those individuals who have an ability to plan, organize, coordinate and control the flow of activities for achieving the organizational goals. Steve Jobs and Richard Branson acted as Managers to become successful and created an edge for their organization by coaching and counseling their employees, delegating the work appropriately, valuing each other to motivate the employees, developing and following a proper corporate culture, managing the time, and analyzing the risks with analytical skills (Management Advisory Service UK Ltd 2011). As an entrepreneur Steve Jobs and Richard Branson have qualities such as an ability to take higher risks, enjoy the work, act as a promoter, know their customers, experimenting with technologies, creating an edge over others, grabbing the opportunity, negotiating with stakeholders, and managing the time effectively. As an entrepreneur Richard Branson states that he admired Steve Jobs a lot. According to him, one should hire employees according to need. When there is an unnoticed opportunity to everyone, there are high chances of converting it to the vision in reality (The Branson Centre of e ntrepreneurship 2011). Thus these were the reasons which made Steve Jobs and Richard Branson as successful leader, manager and entrepreneur in their respective business. 4.0 Conclusion From the above report it can be concluded that Leaders have an ability to lead from the front by creating influence upon their employees in an organization. In an era of globalization business has to undergo several changes in terms of demographics, technology, culture and economic changes. To cope up with existing and emerging challenges leaders need to implement the successful qualities such of leaders, managers and entrepreneurs. In this project report Steve jobs CEO of Apple Company and Richard Branson CEO of Virgin group are being compared and contrasted. They have been compared in terms of their leadership qualities, styles being followed, skills implemented by them, personality, values, and emotions with respect to certain attributes. Steve Jobs was considered as autocratic and self centered Leader who focused more on technical skills whereas Richard Branson is considered as charismatic, participative and transformational leader who has strong interpersonal skills for managing the business. Steve Jobs focused more towards work whereas Richard Branson enjoys fun at work. Thus according to leadership, managerial and entrepreneurial qualities possessed by both the Leaders, Sir Richard Branson is considered as an effective Leader because he has ability to diversify business into several segments under a single virgin Group. 5.0 Recommendations However, perfect and effective leaders are those who have an ability to accept the critics and move ahead by managing several changes. The recommendations are listed in bullet points. * There is no single style of leadership which is considered the best one. There are several qualities possessed by leaders and styles must be changed according to required situation. * An effective leader has qualities such as honesty, loyalty, responsibility, excellent communication, enthusiasm, motivation, competence and etc. * Successful Leaders are required for managing conflicts, framing appropriate decisions, thinking strategically, empowering employees, and designing team based structures (Mind Tools Ltd 2013). * Steve Jobs and Sir Richard Branson both applied similar approach of being a transformational leader and valued factors such as quality and innovation for creating a successful and sustainable business. * According to this project report, Steve Jobs CEO of Apple Company was an autocratic and transactional leader. He was having excellent communication and technical skills for applying it to new technologies but he lacked interpersonal skills with him. * Richard Branson CEO of Virgin Group is considered as participative, charismatic, and leader. He possesses skills such as interpersonal, communication, negotiation and persuading for diversifying several brands under a single virgin group. * Sir Richard Branson is compared and contrasted according to certain attributes such as personality, values, emotions and leadership qualities and was found more effective as compared to Steve Jobs. Although Richard Branson admired Steve Jobs a lot but he states that fun should be created to bring new ideas into business. 6.0 References R. L. Hughes, R.C. Ginnett, G.J. Curphy, 2012, Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience, 7th edn, McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York. Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012,†Leader†, viewed on 11-01-2013, http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/leader MGR Consulting 2006,†Why we need Leaders†, Accessed on 11-01-2013, http://mgrconsulting.com/Newsletters/eNewsletter_06_02.pdf Leadership with You 2012,†Steve Jobs Leadership Case Study†, Accessed on 11-01-2013, http://www.leadership-with-you.com/steve-jobs-leadership.html Conceivably Tech 2012,†Defining Leadership: Sir Richard Branson†, viewed on 11-01-2013, http://www.conceivablytech.com/9668/business/defining-leadership-sir-richard-branson Richard Hughes, R Ginnett, Gordon J Curphy 2009, Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience† Journal of Education for Business†, vol.6, pp-189 Finnie, Scot 2011,Steve Jobs’ Indelible Mark,† Finnie, Scot 2011†, vo l.45, no.19, pp 49 Paul Beeston 2010, Belief Model for the Leadership of Richard Branson,† Change in Mind Ltd†.

Ancient Greece :: Ancient Greece Essays fc

Ancient Greece   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ancient Greece is a peninsula located off the Mediterranean Sea, and is surrounded by several islands.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ancient Greece was made up of different types of government. There were two types of city states an oligarchy , which is ruled by a small group of citizens and a direct democracy ruled by the people . All citizens could make speeches and vote at the Assembly. The Council made up of 500 citizens made new laws which were debated in the Assembly . Only citizens could vote ,women , foreigners, slaves did not have the right to vote Religion and myths were very important in Greek citizens lives . They used Gods and Goddess to explain things which happened in science and everyday life . They built temples to honor their Gods and Goddess and held the Olympics in honor of the king of the gods Zeus . The Parthenon was a temple built to honor the Goddess Athena . The people believed the Gods and Goddess would favor you if you gave them offerings such as gold ,silver ,and the fruit of the harvest .A few of the Gods and Goddess were Zeus king of the gods ,Athena Goddess of wisdom, warfare, and the city , Apollo , god of the sun , light ,truth , music and , prophecy , Hades brother of Zeus and king of the under world and afterlife , and Poseidon, ruler of the seas . All of the gods and goddess lived at Mount Olympus the highest mountain in Greece . The Greeks had many occupations , traders , merchants , architects , philosophers, dramatists , sculptors , doctors , poets , astronomers and , physicists however ; each citizen protected the city state . Every citizen had a duty to defend the state as a hoplite, which is a heavily equipped warrior .They operated in a large rectangular formation of thousands of men all equal in rank .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Greeks influenced the way we live today .The educated Greeks wanted explanations for the world and things around them . they made observations and came up with theories . These people were known as philosophers which means â€Å"the love of wisdom † Socrates , Plato , and Aristotle were famous philosophers .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hippocrates is known as the father of medicines today doctors take the Hippocratic Oath , †named after him , which requires them to act ethically and morally . Anaxagras , an astronomer explained that a solar eclipse is caused by the moon passing between the earth and the sun blocking out the suns light .

Simba Chips

Simba Packaging: Simba is re-launching the iconic potato chipbrand with a new look and feel to drive additional interest in the snack aisle. The re-launch is focused on refreshing the range of fun and flavourful potato chips to address consumer needs whileboosting brand exposure in retail outlets. A South African icon for 56 years, Simba is committed to further investing in its brand by continuously updating its image to appeal to shoppers and consumers alike and provide easier on shelf navigation and presence.This contemporary new design includes a bigger and more prominent Simba The Lion, capitalising on the loved and easily identifiable icon. At the top center of the packet, is a modified brand logo re-introducing the famous crown that makes it The Unmistakable King of Snacks. The changes made to the packaging are significant, yet the product range retains the key elements that have made Simba a recognisable South African brand for so many years. Additionally the large 125g packet will come in a thicker film to enhance the look and feel on shelf.Part of the research conducted by Simba included elements to ensure that the fundamentals of the new design are assembled centrally on the pack, making it easier for the consumer to track all the important product information at a glance. ‘At Simba we are extremely proud of this fresh look, which marks an exciting new chapter for the brand. The new packaging will help to revitalise the brand and contribute to continued growth. We are confident that this updated look will appeal to all customers while keeping the brand firmly in touch with Simba’s rich heritage’ says Rita Fernandes, Senior Brand Manager for Simba.The brand re-launch will be supported by a full marketing campaign including a television and radio commercial, sampling activity, PR and in store branding. The campaign will communicate the changes to customers and ensure that while their favourite Simba product may have had a makeover, i t’s still the same Simba taste experience inside the pack. The refreshed look of the range is not the only big news from Simba. The party bag size (200g) will also be launched concurrently with the packaging re-launch, giving consumers a format for the socialising and party occasion.

India’s Caste System

The caste system is a system of division of labour and power in human society. It is a system of social stratification, and a basis foraffirmative action. Historically, it defined communities into thousands of endogamous hereditary groups called Jatis. The Jatis were grouped by the Brahminical texts under the four well-known caste categories (the varnas): viz Brahmins, Kshatriyas,Vaishyas, and Shudras. Certain people were excluded altogether, ostracized by all other castes and treated as untouchables.Although identified with Hinduism, caste systems have also been observed among other religions on the Indian subcontinent, including some groups of Muslims, Buddha. Caste is commonly thought of as an ancient fact of Hindu life, but various contemporary scholars have argued that the caste system was constructed by the British colonial regime. Caste is neither unique to Hindu religion nor to India; caste systems have been observed in other parts of the world, for example, in the Muslim com munity of Yemen, Christian colonies of Spain, and Japan.The Indian government officially recognizes historically discriminated lowest castes of India such as Untouchables and Shudras underScheduled Castes, and certain economically backward castes as Other Backward Castes. The Scheduled Castes are sometimes referred to as Dalit in contemporary literature. In 2001, the proportion of Dalit population was 16. 2 percent of India's total population. Since 1950, India has enacted and implemented many laws and social initiatives to protect and improve the socio-economic conditions of its Dalit population.By 1995, of all jobs in the Central Government service, 17. 2 percent of the jobs were held by Dalits. Of the highest paying, senior most jobs in government agencies and government controlled enterprises, over 10 percent were held by members of the Dalit community, a tenfold increase in 40 years but yet to fill up the 15 percent reserved quota for them. In 1997, India democratically elected K. R. Narayanan, a Dalit, as the nation's President. In the last 15 years, Indians born in historically discriminated minority castes have been elected to its highest judicial and political offices.While the quality of life of Dalit population in India, in terms of metrics such as poverty, literacy rate, access to health care, life expectancy, education attainability, access to drinking water, housing, etc. have seen faster growth amongst the Dalit population between 1986 and 2006, for some metrics, it remains lower than overall non-Dalit population, and for some it is better than poor non-Dalit population. A 2003 report claims inter-caste marriage is on the rise in urban India.Indian societal relationships are changing because of female literacy and education, women at work, urbanization, need for two-income families, and influences from the media. India's overall economic growth has produced the fastest and most significant socio-economic changes to the historical injustice to it s minorities. Legal and social program initiatives are no longer India's primary constraint in further advancement of India's historically discriminated sections of society and the poor. Further advancements are likely to come from improvements in the supply of quality schools in rural and urban India, along with India's economic growth.

Critical Review, Les Miserable essays

Critical Review, Les Miserable essays Critical Review Les Miserables Les Miserables is an epic musical saga of Jean Valjean and his long journey to salvation. He is released on parole after 19 years on the chain gang, for stealing a loaf of bread. Valjean, unknowingly bargains for his soul with a saintly bishop and spends the rest of his life trying to do good in order to repay him. The Inspector, Javert, continues to relentlessly pursue Valjean even though he is trying to start anew. He has become the mayor of Montreuil and the manager of a factory. Meanwhile, one of his workers, Fantine, is the mother of an illegitimate daughter, Cosette. Cosette is living with the Thenardiers, an innkeeper, his wife, and their own daughter, Eponine. Fantine is fired from the factory after word of her daughter gets out and a series of other incidents. She becomes a prostitute and asks Valjean, while on her deathbed, to care for Cosette. Valjean adopts Cosette and they move to Paris where Cosette meets and falls in love with Marius, a student, with whom Ep onine is also in love. The students barricade the streets of Paris and the rebellion begins. As the insurrection continues, Javert has been captured in the students camp as a spy, Eponine is killed, and Valjean has joined the students and drags an injured Marius into the sewers to save him. The students desire to kill Javert, but Valjean prevents this from happening. Javert, beside himself for being saved by the man of whom he was in pursuit, kills himself by throwing himself into the Seine River. Years later, on his deathbed, Valjean confesses to Marius that he saved him. Now, having paid for his sins, he can die peacefully. Marius and Cosette eventually marry and Valjean dies. Upon his death, the ghosts of Eponine, Fantine, and others who have died before him, meet. Leaving us on an optimistic note, the belief that good, will always prevail: Even the darkest night will end/And the sun will rise....

How does music inform our noti essays

How does music inform our noti essays How Does Music Inform Our Notions of Gender? Music allows people to express their gender and sexuality in either an advert or a subtle way. The Spice Girls used the phrase Girl Power which could not be less feminist in a We are Women, step aside men way, boy Power doesnt have quite the same ring to it. Girls in rock bands are women trying to fit into a male orientated environment by acting masculine, for example Courtney Love acts tough yet still gets away with wearing pretty little girlie slip dresss in the same way that Mick Jagger confused crossed the line between male and female and met somewhere in the middle, he was pretty and androgynous and delighted as did David Bowie in gender bending, he even said himself What really upsets people is that I am a man and not a women... what I do is very much the same as a girls strip tease dance. He confused the idea we had of gender. Where as more recently Spice Girls were defiantly female, Madonna goes about it in a very powerful way going about her work showing everything it i s to be a woman in a masculine way. Bands these days are very much manufactured, Take That all though are admired by flocks of adoring female fans were actually quite camp. Boyzone with their clean nice boy image calling themselves Boyzone although most are approaching their 30s seems an odd choice, Manzone would have been more appropriate with a much more rebellious testosterone filled ring to it. (Sheila Whitely 1997:28) As this is such a wide area to look at I have decided to focus in one particular area: heavy metal. In this essay I plan to analyse heavy metal with response to gender. Heavy metal musicians show their masculinity through their use of instruments, lyrics, image and style. Heavy metal music usually include impressive technical feats on the electric guitar, counter posed with an experience o...

The Best Part Time Jobs for Every Education Level

The Best Part Time Jobs for Every Education Level No matter what field you’re in or what your educational background, sometimes a part-time job will be a necessity. Maybe you need a second job to make ends meet, or you need flexible hours. Whatever the case may be, we’ve got five of the top options for you to consider, based on whether you have a high school diploma, a four-year degree, or a master’s degree or higher. High-School DiplomaIf you’ve got a high-school diploma, you can score a great, high-paying part time job even without a degree.Customer Service RepresentativeIf you’ve ever spent an hour on hold while trying to straighten out some kind of product or service issue, you know how essential it is to have someone good and helpful on the other end of that phone line. Customer service reps can make between $10 and $18 an hour, according to PayScale.What you’ll need: A high school diploma or GED, plus on-the-job training. Strong customer service skills are a must.Yoga InstructorBreathe in, reach toward the sky, and hold it†¦if you can help other people find their zen while maintaining perfect posture, teaching yoga can be a very flexible (okay, pun intended) part-time career path. Depending on experience, yoga instructors can make between $25 and $50 an hour.What you’ll need: Certification as an instructor (typically a course plus about 200 hours of teaching experience)Nanny/Childcare WorkerIf you love kids, being a nanny for a particular family or working in a childcare facility can be a great part-time job. Part teacher, part parent, part entertainer- these caregivers are major multitaskers.What you’ll need: Rock-solid references, and certification in First Aid is helpful as well. Oh, and patience- you’ll need lots of that.Catering Professional  Catering can be a great gig because it can often be done on nights and weekends, on a part-time schedule. And once you have a foot in that door, it can be a lucrative side gig with many more opportunities coming along. Catering workers can often make more than $20 an hour, potentially more depending on the event and tips.What you’ll need: Service skills (including customer management), on-the-job-training.BartenderLike catering, bartending is a real bang-for-your-buck part time gig, because you can basically set your own hours and have the potential to make a lot of money during that time. Whether you’re slinging suds or crafting artisanal cocktails with ingredients most of us have never even heard of, it’s a job with great potential for tips. Bartenders can command anywhere between $10 and $75 per hour, depending on tips.What you’ll need: State certification, depending on your state- check the requirements where you are.Four-Year DegreeIf you’ve already got a bachelor’s degree under your belt, you may want look for part time jobs more specialized to your education and experience.App/Software DeveloperDespite what stereotypes we may have about tech startups, app and software developers work as lone wolves on a part-time, project basis while they have other tech jobs. Developers can earn anywhere from $30-$60 per hour.What you’ll need: A degree in computer science or software engineering, plus excellent coding skills, and knowledge about UI design, programming languages, basic computer backend knowledge.TutorThose who can, do. Those who can, and want to earn money by showing others how to do, teach. Tutors can earn anywhere from $15 to $200 per hour helping students with homework, or teaching supplemental concepts. Tutors may also help with standardized test prep.What you’ll need: Expertise and strong communication/teaching skills. Experience in the field is helpful, especially when it comes to test prep tutoring (for example, being a high scorer yourself will raise your rates).Translator/InterpreterPeople with global skills will continue to be in hot demand. Many companies (especially those w ith international offices) may employ translators directly, or use a third-party agency that matches qualified translators with particular jobs. Translators can earn up to $50 an hour, depending on the complexity of the translations.What you’ll need: fluency in at least one language other than English, with very strong grammar and syntax skills.Grant AnalystIf you have a background in business, accounting, or public administration and are knowledgeable about grants, financial documents, and budgets, this is an area where you can go freelance, and command around $30 per hour.What you’ll need: A strong finance background, as well as education in business administration, accounting, or a similar fieldFreelance EditorIf you live for finding tiny mistakes in written materials, or rewording for style or accuracy, then freelance editing is a strong choice for a part-time gig.What you’ll need: A degree in English, communications or similar, plus superior attention to de tail and written communication skillsMaster’s Degree or HigherIf you have a master’s degree (or higher), there are many highly specialized part time jobs that might be a great option for you.Adjunct ProfessorIf you have a lot of great subject matter experience and expertise, teaching could be a solid part time choice for you. Adjunct professors are basically part-time faculty at a college or university. And with online courses becoming more popular than ever, this is becoming a highly flexible choice for part time teaching.What you’ll need: An advanced degree in your field, or extensive experience working in it. You’ll also need strong communication and teaching skills, as you’ll be working with students of varying abilities.Business ConsultantBusiness consulting is excellent for the MBA who wants a flexible schedule, and the ability to work with many different clients. Consultants with specific expertise can work on a project basis, or may have an ongoing relationship with a particular company. Top consultants can make $150-$300 per hour, depending on qualifications and experience.What you’ll need: An advanced degree in business (typically an MBA or similar), and/or extensive expertise and experience in the field where you want to consult. Self-marketing skills are also key, as you’ll need to find and maintain a client base.Information Technology ConsultantLike with business consulting, IT consulting is a way to channel superb tech skills and a strong education/experience background into a flexible job. IT consultants often work on a project basis, either with a single company or with a range of clients. Highly qualified IT consultants can make $100 an hour, depending on experience and projects.What you’ll need: An advanced degree in computer science or engineering, and/or extensive expertise and experience in the specific IT area of expertise where you want to consult. Self-marketing skills are also key , as you’ll need to find and maintain a client base.TherapistBecause therapists typically work on an appointment basis, it can be a very flexible option for part time work. Therapists can set their own schedule, working with clients for anywhere from $45 to $150 an hour, depending on the client and the specialty (family therapy, life coaching, etc.).What you’ll need: An advanced degree in psychology, as well as a strong patient/customer focus.Physical TherapistPhysical therapists, like other kinds of therapists, typically work on an appointment basis, which makes it a strong part time job candidate alongside other jobs. Physical therapists work with patients to recover from illness or injury, as well as work on basic mobility and daily physical tasks.What you’ll need: A master’s degree in physical therapy, as well as state certification (check your state’s requirements)No matter what your education level, there are lots of great part time opportuni ties out there for you. With a combination of that education, your skills, and your experience, you can find a flexible job that’s right for you.

Corona in the Global Beer Industry Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corona in the Global Beer Industry - Case Study Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that the key success factors for firms in the global beer industry include good distribution strategy as well as a good marketing strategy. Since a beer is not consumed because of its taste, crafting a solid marketing strategy that would focus more on the consumers as to the image of the beer, creates a demand for it and strengthens the brand. Then companies have good distribution systems in order to make the beers available to consumers. The strategic group map of the global beer industry with dimensions such as beer quality and market volume, Grupo Modelo would be on the lower right side, Heineken at the upper right side, with the rest of the industry at the middle. Grupo Modelo is positioned in the industry with its escape positioning. This has given the company an edge over its rivals in the US market. However, in the global market, its positioning is quite shaky as this image is not embodied in the global brand as a global strategy. In terms of local operations, Grupo Modelo fares better than FEMSA as apparent in its market share. Internationally, FEMSA does not fare as good as Grupo Modelo as FEMSA has failed on its international venture. In comparing the positioning of Grupo Modelo to Heineken, Grupo Modelo has a positioning that targets a wider market, as it is based on the image that is associated with it, in contrast to Heinekens premium claims which is more based on taste. Because taste is not the most important attributes that beer and non-beer drinkers put a premium on, Grupo Modelos positioning is on a stronger ground.

Human rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Human rights - Essay Example Under the universal declaration of human rights, specific articles have been put in place in regard to spelling out on what rights are. For example, article 1 of the universal declaration of human rights, it is spelled out that all human beings are equal in dignity and rights. Analytically, this could be termed as the primary concept of interpreting how every human being should be treated. This means that any act of discriminating or undermining the state of another human being is uncalled for. Another major article is article 3, which stipulates that e very person has the rights to life. In relation to this article, it is correct to argue that any act by another human being that threatens the life of another human being could amount to violation of this right. In this regard, it is indispensable that human rights are critical and needs to be protected effectively. Time and again, political intrigues have been cited as the major course for human rights violations (Donnelly 10). As the political class fight for power and supremacy, most of the human rights are violated. This has been evidenced by historical genocides violence against the minority groups. Nevertheless, violation of human rights could also come in terms of other social economic factors that minority groups are

Ethics in an informations society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethics in an informations society - Essay Example In addition, this aspect of ethics should have to be an environmental ethics in support of the information. In this scenario, ethics could be defined as the ideologies or ways leading an individual or business or standard of performance in the society (Floridi, 2001; Bynum, 2008; ArifSari, 2011). This paper discusses the basics and importance of ethics in information society. The basic aim of this research is to proficiently analyze the basic ethical aspects such as responsibility, accountability, and liability. Basics of Ethics The practice of information technology IT is upgrading a lot of aspects of individual effort and way of life. It seems to be doubtful that what are challenges and the societal and ethical inferences of these improvements? The bases of these challenges are the several means wherein an individual is able to conceive as well as understand the practice of IT or society inter-association. All of these ways of formation and elucidation allow an individual to discri minate the society association or IT in a different way and consequently interpret its social as well as ethical inferences in a diverse way. This access is related to an approach which is acknowledged as the phenomenological approach to understand IT along with its social and ethical suggestions (Introna, 2005; Froehlich, 2004). Moreover during the last few years, information ethics emerged as a field of study in information science and library sciences, however the area or the expression has been changed with the passage of time and it started capturing several other areas of interest and research. Actually, it could be seen as a convergence of the ethical doubts of media, reporting, information and library sciences disciplines, computer ethics comprising cyber-world ethics, MIS, web based technology and the business framework (Introna, 2005; Froehlich, 2004). Ethics in Constructing Information Society The technological frameworks which offer the basis for the information society or ICTs are proposed through the integration of principles and values. Additionally, sometimes these principles are not identified by the designer, as in recent times we can see obvious principles for instance the security of individual confidentiality which is allowed to be utilized openly. In this scenario, the basic purpose behind designing the WWW (World Wide Web) was to offer a decentralized distribution of data as well as information, available for all individuals. In addition, ease of access by all societal groups is currently one of the prime concerns of the information society, highlighting the identical privileges of each associate of the society. However, the analysis of a lot of technical professionals is that the methodologies they propose are only tools as well as worth free (Duquenoy, 2009). Basic Ethical Concepts Ethics means to understand the beliefs that persons as well as

Theories to Todays Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theories to Todays Organizations - Essay Example Nowadays, business organizations look at the employee in a different perspective by seeing him not just as a mere resource used in production but a strategic partner for the attainment of the various organizational goals. Thus, companies have made the leap in motivating employees through the use of positive reinforcement, non-monetary benefits, highly-conducive working environment, rewarding career, and programs which further boost their strengths and competencies. Dell, Inc. has been regarded as one of the best organizations to work for in terms the motivational techniques that it put in place to ensure company-wide efficiency. It should be noted that Dell practices employee empowerment in order to communicate its trust and confidence in the workforce. In contrast to the typical assembly line, Dell builds productive and cohesive work teams in the manufacture of its various products. The company also conducts regular training and workshops in order to further the strengths and competencies of its human resource. This effort shows the company's concern in the growth and development of its employees as well as its way of ensuring that its workforce which will help the organization further its thrust for profitability and operational success.

Efficiency in the Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Efficiency in the Market - Essay Example It requires goods to be produced in the least cost way. The firms are forced at the minimum level of average cost in the long run. The consumers are benefitted under productive efficiency as they are required to pay the lowest possible product price. Allocative efficiency is given by the equality between price and marginal cost. It requires firms to take that production path that is the need of the society. When the firm is not able to increase its welfare by producing more of one good then a situation of efficient allocation is said to exist. A firm can achieve such efficiency by equating marginal cost and price. Marginal cost is regarded as the amount of satisfaction foregone due to the production of another good. If P=MC then value of produced goods is equal to the value of not produced goods. Considering a hypothetical country and a firm who is a price taker, the firm will produce at the profit maximizing quantity which will equate price and marginal cost. The firm will face U-sh aped cost curves and horizontal demand curve. 1 Perfect competition can efficiently allocate resources in the long run. The following is the long run equilibrium condition: P=SRMC=LRMC=SRAC=LRAC This equation states prices to be equal to marginal cost and average cost both in the long and short run. With P+MC no firm has the motive to make adjustments in quantity. Again with P=AC each firm earns only normal profit. This is a situation of no economic profit-loss situation. The long run condition is satisfied only at the minimum of LRAC curve. This is also termed as the minimum efficient scale. The minimum efficient scale provides the economy to utilize resources in optimal and efficient fashion. Two types of agents participate in the competitive market. The other participant is scarce resources. In the economy framework a resource is defined as the item (goods or services) that is valued by the agents. It is the scarcity of resources which calls for efficient allocation of resources to satisfy all the participating agents. The decisions on allocation are of prime importance in this market principle. A market is defined as the place where buyers meet sellers. The mode with which the exchange takes place is called price. The main characteristic of competitive market is the adjustment of prices until supply is equal to demand. The price sets the market in equilibrium and such a situation is called Pareto optimal situation. In a decentralized economy the equilibrium price is determined by tatonnement process. Prices tend to rise if demand is greater than supply and decrease when demand is less than supply. An adjustment to occur the demand and supply at the current prices must be known beforehand. Consider the case where there are many independent sellers. If there access to full information to both the buyers and the sellers then price of the product will set at the equilibrium. Now suppose a high price and a low price is charged for the product. The consumers may opt firms selling their products at high price to offer at some price level which is the difference between the high and low price. Such a situation will offer a better off situation for both parties. The quantities are in the Y-axes. The equilibrium price is denoted as p*. At this price the buyers will be willing to pay at least this amount of price to buy the products and the firms will be able to sell their products at the market rate. If the price is less than the equilibrium p

Theories to Todays Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theories to Todays Organizations - Essay Example Nowadays, business organizations look at the employee in a different perspective by seeing him not just as a mere resource used in production but a strategic partner for the attainment of the various organizational goals. Thus, companies have made the leap in motivating employees through the use of positive reinforcement, non-monetary benefits, highly-conducive working environment, rewarding career, and programs which further boost their strengths and competencies. Dell, Inc. has been regarded as one of the best organizations to work for in terms the motivational techniques that it put in place to ensure company-wide efficiency. It should be noted that Dell practices employee empowerment in order to communicate its trust and confidence in the workforce. In contrast to the typical assembly line, Dell builds productive and cohesive work teams in the manufacture of its various products. The company also conducts regular training and workshops in order to further the strengths and competencies of its human resource. This effort shows the company's concern in the growth and development of its employees as well as its way of ensuring that its workforce which will help the organization further its thrust for profitability and operational success.

Investigating the effects of mutation on active site amino acids of Lab Report

Investigating the effects of mutation on active site amino acids of beta-lactamase - Lab Report Example Using these two techniques it is possible to synthesize a protein that will bind any desired target. As recent studies suggest, it is possible to add random peptide sequences into loops of ?-lactamase subsequently establishing the catalytic properties of the produced ?-lactamase derivatives. The same authors highlighted the fact that there is no correlation between tolerance to insertion and tolerance to mutagenesis. A turn between two ?-strands next to the active site was found to be inactive in random mutagenesis but demonstrated the opposite in insertions. The present work consists of three elements. Initially it is creating a construct (cloning a mutated gene into an expression vector) ?-lactamase a. using traditional cloning methods (overlapping PCR for mutagenesis, digestion, ligation). Then move on to Protein- Prep- expressing and isolating mutated ?-lactamase a, transformation of construct into competent cells b and protein purification by GFC and IEC before, finally, move on to investigating the effects of mutation on the functionality of ?-lactamase a. Activity assay of mutants compared to those of the WT enzyme A Procedure Week 1: PCR- Primer Design/PCR Mutagenesis Two sterile 0.2 ml PCR tubes were loaded with 5 Â µL PFU buffer, 3 Â µL dNSO, 2.5 Â µL template, 0.5 Â µL PFU, 26.5 Â µL H2O each. Also, one tube was loaded with 5 Â µL Reverse Primer and 5 Â µL Forward Primer Mutant while the other was loaded with 5 Â µL Forward Primer and 5 Â µL Reverse Primer Mutant. 23 cycles of PCR were used to generate the required amount of the DNA sequence of interest. Denaturation, annealing, and elongation represent one cycle of PCR. The first minute of DNA generation was conducted at 950C the second at 500C. The temperature for the following three minutes was raised to 720C with subsequent 10 minutes of elongation at 720C before finally cooling down to 40C affording the crude product. Week 2: PCR Fragment Purification and Restriction Digest A. The crude product produced on the previous stage was loaded into the wells of 0.4 % agarose gel, the first run was conducted. All bends were cut and 330 Â µL QG buffer was added. The mixture was heat till the gel dissolved completely after that transferred to the column and span for 2 minutes. 500 Â µL QG buffer was added and spinning was continued for extra three minutes. 30 Â µL EB buffer was added to dissolve DNA and spinning was continued for 2 minutes. In this way DNA was pulled through. B. To generate the required amount of DNA PCR was conducted. Each of the two sterile 0.2 ml PCR tubes were loaded with 5 Â µL PFU buffer, 5 Â µL Forward Primers, 5 Â µL Reverse Primers, 2.5 Â µLdNTP, 0.5 Â µL pfu, Â µL H2O. Also, one tube was additionally loaded with 5 Â µL AB DNA (Forward mutant) while the other 5 Â µL CD DNA (reverse mutant). On the next day the first tube was loaded with DNA 30 Â µL, Eco R1 buffer 4 Â µL, Eco R1 - 1 Â µL, Hind III- 1 Â µL, H2O- 4 Â µL and the second w ith 4 Â µL vector, Eco R1 buffer 4 Â µL, Eco R1- 1 Â µL, Hind III- 1 Â µL, H2O- 4 Â µL. Both tubes were left at 370C overnight. Week 3: Restriction Fragment Purification/Ligation/Agar Plate Preparation The gel run was initiated following purification of the previously generated DNA samples. DNA concentration was measured and was found to be 5 Â µL into 500 Â µL. The following ligation was conducted. The ratio PCR/Vector was 3/1 Week 4: DNA Transformation/

Human resource management is a vital tool in any organization

Human resource management is a vital tool in any organization HRM Management: Human resource management is a vital tool in any organization. Employees are vital assets of these organizations if their goals, targets and aims are to be met. If properly managed and taken care of, employees may well contribute to an organizations improvement and success using their specific capacities and knowledge. The main challenge facing HR managers in handling and administering employees is that each person has their specific characteristics and capacities which must be adjusted in line with the prevailing operating environment within the organization. The organizations must consider also the behavior of the employees colleagues and superiors in order to promote a smoother and more efficient working relationship.   I would like to argue in this paper that many current human resource management practices are of help to the young adults working for the first time, albeit these practices may still be improved. Who we will hire? Browsing through researches and studies, I have noticed that a critical factor in human resources management is hiring the right kind of persons for each position. Out of the dozens or even hundreds or so applicants who passed their resumes to the HR office, only a few of them managed to pass the written and/or oral exams, get to be interviewed by a panel, and get a slot in an organization. But even hiring them may not be an assurance that a firm/organization got the person up to the challenges of his position, depending on his ability to relate well with colleagues, has the ability to deliver amid issues which may arise in the workplace. More importantly is to ensuring the stay of an employee. As pointed out in various studies such as those of (Calvasina, Calvasina, Calvasina, 2008), fresh graduates may face problems related sexual harassment, racial discrimination and similar issues brought on by unethical behavior by colleagues and even superiors. Determining these factors is impo rtant especially when hiring fresh graduates who may or may not have any working experience related with their courses.    Browsing through Calvasina et.al (2008) study reveals that some government agencies such as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) have filed charges against firms suspected of harassing their first time young employees. In addition, the EEOC has also conducted seminars orienting young adults on their rights as employees and even engaging with employers to provide a conducive environment for young adults to be employed for the first time. Calvasina et.al (2008) also cites several court decisions pertaining to sexual harassment occurring in various states. The study had concerning sexual harassment of young employees by some of their older colleagues. Specifically, many cases ended in payment of damages, attendance of seminars or out of court settlements. Some of these incidents involved older employees asking for sex, or sexual favors from younger and newly-minted colleagues for some periods of time. Many of the firms were also accused of inadequate and slow action in resolving these cases. At the studys end, Calvasina, et.al (2008) concluded that while many employers have agreed to conduct trainings on sexual harassment among their employees, it is still vital that these trainings be formally done and documented, the trainings should be expanded to include other forms of harassment, the trainings be followed up by refresher courses, and personnel handling the trainings should be qualified. The EEOC also came out with a series of guidelines for employers aimed at preventing workplace discrimination against young workers (Cavasina, et.al 2008): These include facilitating employer-young worker interaction, encouraging various modes for young employees to air complains on harassment and discrimination, formulation of a organizational policy dealing with harassment and discrimination issues, publicly and clearly enunciating such policy to all employees, and conducting training sessions for supervisors on harassment/discrimination prevention. The commission also encourages employers to reach out to parents of young employees so that they can be better informed on workplace issues which may involve their children Related to this issue is the policy on affirmative action which may affect younger colored, Hispanic and white employees. With racial concerns still underlying employment issues, it is important for firms to try balancing its employee population based on color. At the same time, it is vital that this proportioning be done according to merit. If there are cases of discrimination, firms may implement pertinent policies based on affirmative action. I also think that the EEOCs policy on discrimination and harassment may be applied to issues on affirmative action specifically on employer-employee communication and a clear policy on merit-based affirmative action. Human Resources Hiring Planning and Development It is also important for HR managers to critically consider the hiring, planning and development processes corollary to acquiring and retaining new employees. It is during these processes when an organization gets new manpower, develop their skills according to their specific capabilities and at the same time, craft specific measures aimed at streamlining human resource management. However because these processes also entails costs and time, organizations must be able to estimate beforehand the HRs needs and requirements. Ivancevich (2009) points out specific characteristics of the current HRM system such as emphasis on action, focus on individual employees, ability to adjust with global employment conditions and capability to foresee potential changes in how things are being run. This dynamic paradigm necessitates critical analysis among HR practioners if their respective units are to survive in the current competitive world. Citing experiences from the cooperative sector, Freeman (1993) details ways by which an organization can develop a systematic way of developing long term plans for HR management. In her study Freeman suggests that a management formulate a long-term human resources plan in line with the organizations strategic plans. The human resources plan should be able to address the employees long term goals, requirements and needs, their growth opportunities, employees placement considerations, the organizations hiring and promotion practices, as well as legal matters. Freeman adds the management can formulate such plans by conducting consultation sessions with  labour, where both sides can review each others perspectives on the issue. A quantitative review of employees performance can be made to assess their capabilities in light of current human resources practices of the organization. Ivancevich (2009) also discusses the importance of planning and development in human resources practices. In the context of considering HRM as a profit center, human resource managers should solve related issues according to the profit-oriented paradigm, assessing and interpreting costs/benefits of HR issues, and formulating planning models to empirically determining viability in attaining goals, among other tasks. (Ivancevich, 2009) In terms of attaining goals, Ivancevich (2009) points out companies are primarily suggested to implement intra-organizational reforms. These include: producing well trained and highly-motivated employees, improving job satisfaction among the employees, achieving a balanced quality of work life mix, mitigating negative effects of change and compelling faster processes within the organization. In order for firms to accomplish most if not all of these goals, companies should be able to develop a systematic way by which organizations can promote well-planned and highly organized HR practices. Ivancevich (2009) explains organizations should clearly enunciate their HR strategy, policies and procedures. Doing so will enable them to know what will be their thrust in human resources (i.e. retaining old employees vs. hiring new employees) and how these will be specifically implemented. The first major step will be determining employee satisfaction with their advancement/growth opportunities. Organizations may conduct surveys among them. The management may use the results from the surveys to craft changes in HR policies if possible. Then they can formulate ways (procedures) to implement these revised policies. Ivancevich (2009) also tells HR specialists and managers of the other important factors governing HR hiring, planning and development phases. First, they must consider the size and extent of the HR department. The larger this unit is, it has more manpower and resources to implement systematic, clear and objective HR practices according to specific sectors. Secondly, HR managers and operational managers need to work together in order for the practices to be smoothly implemented. However, Ivancevich himself admits that relationships between the two kinds of managers have not always been smooth due to their differing views on operations and concepts. Ivancevich (2009) also points out that the increase of Generation Y or young employees born in relatively recent decades may affect the efficacy of HR practices be implemented in an     organization. Correlating with a study mentioned earlier about young employees problems with harassments, the members of the Y Generation may also have challenges in adjusting with their older colleaguess perceptions on work, life and even religion. HR managers should consider these differences in  behaviour  since they are subjective, something which must be carefully treaded on in crafting workplace policies. HRM practitioners need to consider the changing demand in the kind of skills needed in the market. As pointed out by Grugulis (2009) in response to a review, todays job market has more complicated and complex definition on whether a skill is soft or real. This is because of the diversity of level and practices being sought for by employers and are available in the market.   This, she says, is part of the development of job skills from technological or muscle-based work to one that is more social and communicative in nature. Grugulis recommends HR practioners and labor experts to carefully study these skills so that they can determine the specific needs which may be addressed. I think this is also an important subject to be studied upon by HR managers since many of the young applicants-and employees- may possess some of these soft skills.   The challenge will be to sift through them so that only the best talents can be hired and retained for the firms benefit. Compensation and Benefits If the employees are young and are relatively new on the job, compensation may well focus on the performance of their jobs. Human Resource personnel need to objectively determine who among those young adult employees deserve higher pay and who among those employees need to paid the standard rate. A similar situation exists for benefits, primarily those being offered by the company for excellent performance. Safety and Health Another very vital issue in HR management is keeping employees safe. Ivancevich (2009) cites the example of Aaron Feuerstein who decided to hand out benefits and salaries to his employees after the Malden Mills plant in Massachussets burned down in 1995.   For three months, the firm paid out salaries to its 1,400 displaced workers. Feuerstein also continued to give benefits to these employees for nine months. When the plant was rebuild, 90% of the displaced employees opted to return to Malden Mills. Feuersteins example showed how HR management can mitigate an othewise disastrous/bleak incident into a showcase of concern and goodwill toward its employees. It is also important that the organization  instil  safety concerns among the employees right at the beginning of their employment. At the same time, firms should be prepared to set aside money in case any work-related accident occurs among its employees. Employer-Labor relations We can surmise that an efficient management of human resources greatly helps promote cordial employer-labor relationships. Because they stand in between the two parties, human resources specialists can view each partys concerns and interests more objectively. This is very helpful when the employees are primarily young and newly hired, who may have to adjust with their jobs. Conclusion This discussion had shown that Human Resources practioners have formulated new concepts and procedures in handling new and old employees. Young, newly hired employees have more opportunities to work in the jobs of their choices. However, policymakers as well as employersneed to do more on a.) protecting young newly hired employees from possible abuse from colleagues and b.) addressing possible conflicts in  behaviour  and ideas between the young employees and their older colleagues. On the other hand, the young, newly hired employees need to adjust in thier working environments by changing their mindset that their workplaces ambience will be to their liking. This paper just reiterates my earlier assumption on areas of improvement in the way employers hire and retain young employees. References: Calvasina, G.E., Calvasina, R.V., Calvasina, E. (2008). Creating Positive First Work Experiences for Young Adults: the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s (Eeoc) Youth @ Work Initiative Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 11(2). Freeman J.M. (1993). : Human Resources Planning – Training Needs Analysis. Management Quarterly, 34(3). Grugulis, I.(2009). Skills, Training and Human Resource Development: A Response. Economic and Labour Relations Review, 19(2), Ivencevich, J. (2009). Human Resource Management (11th ed). United States: McGraw-Hill.

Irving Kristols Pornograpy, Obscenity, and hte Case for Censorship Ess

Irving Kristol's Pornograpy, Obscenity, and hte Case for Censorship After reading Irving Kristol’s essay called Pornography, Obscenity, and the Case for Censorship, we found positive and negative examples concluding his research. Kristol makes major claims throughout the course of his essay. A few examples of these major claims are in paragraphs [7-9] when he uses a story about an old man in a hospital ward, dying an agonizing death. The old man loses control of his bowels, and they empty themselves on him. Kristol states that this is a private moment that should be kept private. Kristol asks the reader to think about this sad scenario and what it would be like to see this on television. Kristol relates the claim to sex, saying that it is a private moment and shouldn’t be viewed by the public. He says viewers wouldn’t want to watch the old man losing his bodily fluids on himself because it’s a personal matter and it just needs to stay private and unseen by the public. In paragraph [8], Kristol again rebuts his major claim when he relates humans to animals. He claims sex is like death, it is found both within humans and animals. As Kristol (1971) says, â€Å"When sex is a public spectacle, a human relationship has been debased into a mere animal connection.† In paragraph [11] Kristol makes a major shift change from his claims in the previous paragraphs. The placement of this paragraph was poorly chosen because it steps outside of Kristol’s main argument, which states that humans and animals are the same. In paragraphs [5 and 7], Kristol uses the rebuttal method, which means to repeat the same point in different words. In paragraph five Kristol talks about public nudity and how it is so improper to have in our soci... ...ure condition has not improved as a result of the new freedom.† Kristol shows his major claims to the reader and makes a connection through rebuttal that gives his essay meaning. Kristol also uses very dramatic statements, which help his argument claims. Despite having these major claims he fails to show support to the reader that his facts are true. He has no hard-core evidence that supports his research. Even further he fails to connect with the opposing side about his argument about pornography, obscenity, and the case for censorship. References Faigley, L.& Selzer, J. (2000). Good reasons with contemporary arguments. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Kristol, I. (1971). Pornography, obscenity, and the case for censorship. In L. Faigley & J. Selzer (Eds.), â€Å"Good reasons with contemporary arguments.† (pp. 535-538). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Athena in the Odyssey vs. Virgil in the Inferno Essay

Two of the greatest works ever written, The Odyssey by Homer and The Inferno by Dante, are detailed, multi-sectioned poems about the journey’s of two men. In each story, the main character is given some sort of guidance by another character in order to aid them in their travels. In The Odyssey, Athena is portrayed as the protector to Odysseus on his journey back home from the Trojan War to his family in Ithaca. In The Inferno, Virgil is requested to lead Dante through the depths of Hell in order to save his soul. Many similarities can be seen between the two characters as they both served as advice givers, protectors, and guides for the main character. While the two guides seem very alike in the way’s they help, it turns out that many differences can be observed between their ways. Athena and Virgil can both be perceived as escorts in the main characters’ journey, but they both are leading their pupils towards different endings and these endings can be representa tive of a much larger purpose that describes the two authors’ views on life at the time each poem was written. In Greek mythology, Athena is regarded as the goddess of Wisdom. She uses her wisdom to aid Odysseus on his journey back home to his family, through various trials and tribulations. Athena’s guidance can be seen when Odysseus is finally being allowed to leave Calypso’s island, which outraged Poseidon. Poseidon sends a great wave to wreck Odysseus’s ship and possibly drown him in the vast ocean but instead Athena helps him survive. â€Å"But Zeus’s daughter Athena countered him at once./ The rest of the winds she stopped right in their tracks,/commanding them all to hush now, go to sleep./ All but the boisterous North-she whipped him up/ and the goddess beat the breakers flat before Odysseus,/ dear to Zeus, so he could reach the Phaeacians,/ mingle with men who love their long oars/ and escape his death at last.† (Ody. 5. 421-427). Another example of Athena protecting Odysseus is during the great battle in the hall when Odysseus finally confronts his wife’s suitors. Athena appears to Odysseus in the form of Mentor and tries to motivate Odysseus to kill all the suitors off with threats and accusations. She even commands the suitors to through their spears at Odysseus all at once. â€Å"At his command,/ concentrating their shots, all six hurled as one/ but Athena sent to whole salvo wide of the mark†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ody. 22. 267-269). Odysseus sees that all of his men are untouched by the suitor’s spears, and this action propels him to take charge and lead an attack on the suitors. Each time Athena guides or protects Odysseus, it’s in order to save his life. She desperately wants Odysseus to get home because Odysseus is a war hero and a King, very much deserving of a safe return home. Athena thinks very highly of Odysseus because he is such a great warrior and she feels he exemplifies the virtue of excellence. It’s easy to see how the ideals of society on life and death in Homer’s 7th Century BC times are portrayed through Athena’s help. The people of this time were most concerned on how you lived your life during the time you had. For them there was no glorious afterlife, so there was no need to try and save your soul to reap the prize of a great time after death. Homer uses Athena as Odysseus’s guide to get back home and live out the rest of his life the way he pleases. He’s spent his time as a warrior and won his most important battles before the beginning of the poem, so now he deserves to live out the rest of his l ife in peace with those he loves the most. Once he arrives home and fights off his wife’s suitors (with the help of Athena of course) he will finally be free in a sense to enjoy his life. In Dante’s The Inferno, Virgil serves as a guide for Dante through the depths of Hell. Virgil is widely considered an allegory for human reason. Reason is needed in a Christian worldview in order to control emotion and desire from taking control allowing for acts of sin. Reason is God’s gift to mankind, a way of staying on the right path and avoiding the dark side of life, if it is used properly. Virgil was requested to help a lost Dante save his soul by Dante’s departed love, Beatrice, who represents God’s grace. Virgil leads Dante through Hell in order for him to learn the descriptions of sins and their consequences. Virgil is with Dante through out his entire journey, unlike Athena who only appears to Odysseus in The Odyssey every once in a while. One example of how Virgil is always there to lead Dante is when Dante faints before entering the First Circle of Hell. Dante faints at the shine of a bright light and awakens already in the next circle. â€Å"With rested eyes, I stood/ and looked about me, then fixed my gaze/ to make out where I was./ I found myself upon the brink/ of an abyss of suffering/ filled with the roar of endless woe.† (Inf. 4. 4-9). This type of situation occurs many times throughout the poem, as Dante proves many times too weak to carry on, and Virgil takes care of him, protects him, and moves them along on their journey. Another situation is when Dante and Virgil arrive at the center of Circle 9 of Hell. They come to the great body of Lucifer, and Virgil throws Dante on his back to continue their upward climb out of Hell. â€Å"At his request I clasped him round the neck./ When the wings had opened wide enough/ he chose the proper time and place/ and took a handhold on those hairy flanks./ Then from hank to hank he clambered down between the thick pelt and the crusted ice.† (Inf. 34. 70-75). While Virgil leads Dante physically in many ways, he also serves as a voice of reason and leads through his words. An example of this is back as they are entering the First Circle. Dante says, â€Å"My master (Virgil) began: ‘You do not ask about/ the souls you see? I want you to know,/ before you venture farther,/ ‘they did not sin. Though they have merit,/ that is not enough, for they were unbaptized,/ denied the gateway to the faith that you profess./ ‘And if they lived before the Christians lived,/ they did not worship God aright./ And among these I am one.† (Inf. 4. 31-39). In this situation, Virgil not only instructs Dante on what he needs to do, but also reveals a little more information about himself as well. Although Virgil seems to guide Dante in almost the exact same way Athena guides Odysseus, Virgil is working towards an all-together different purpose. In Dante’s 14th century AD Christian society, it was imperative to ensure that you lived a good life on earth and repented for all your sins so that you would be in God’s presence in the after-life. Dante uses Virgil as a way for his audience to see that the most important thing is to save one’s soul, even if a little guidance is required to do so. Dante needed to travel through the depths of Hell to be able to wake up and realize how reason should control emotions and desires so that life can be lived in God’s name allowing for a magnificent afterlife. By showing Dante the different circles of Hell, Dante learns the nature of sin and it’s consequences. Virgil teaches Dante a most important lesson; when reason is not in control, it is more likely to commit harsh sins, sins worthy of an afterlife in Hell and not in God’s good grace. Virgil steers Dante toward the light of God once again, saving him from his impending doom, had he not been able to save his wandering soul. Athena and Virgil are considered to be a form of guidance to their poem’s main characters. In Homer’s The Odyssey, Athena helps to ensure Odysseus’s safe return home, but also allows him to live out the rest of his wonderful life on earth by saving him from various dangers including Poseidon and his wife’s suitors. In Dante’s The Inferno, Virgil serves as Dante’s escort through the circles of Hell, but also pilots Dante back into God’s grace by saving his soul. Each can be seen as not only a physical chaperon but also a spiritual one that illustrates society’s point of view on life or afterlife at the time each poem was written. Works Cited Alighieri, Dante. Inferno. Trans. Robert Hollander and Jean Hollander. New York: Anchor, 2002. Print. Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin, 1997. Print.

The world is not really there

As though the quantum physicists would ever agree: There is world out here, and global warming portends its end. That’s the truth of it all, really, the world was never actually there, Speak the quantum physicists once again. But there is something here, Answer people like Al Gore who seem to notice things in the void. Indeed, they are positive that it is possible to manage the problem. They add: ‘The fact remains that the effects of global warming ‘Would be utterly disastrous if all those who are bumming ‘With the climate do not struggle to control anthropogenic greenhouse ‘Gas emissions. After all, human beings are partly, if not wholly responsible ‘For climate change. ’ So, someone from an LDC hears Al Gore in his Movie, An Inconvenient Truth. A bomb explodes as the bomber shows his Approval near an LDC beach. Al Gore continues, ‘Fortunately, it lies In their power to gradually reverse the effects of global warming. ’ So, what is global warming? There is no doubt about the fact that our world Has been warming up like a teenager in heat Trying to come up with ways to become fit for survival. Eleven out of the past twelve years, that is, the Bible Fighters’ time with the Qur’an fighters; in other words, 995 to 2006 have been ranked among the twelve â€Å"warmest years â€Å"Since 1850† (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4: Environment for Development†). Humans did not keep systematic records of temperature Before 1850 (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). How could they when they are still so helpless? How could you imagine them To keep systematic records of temperature before 1850? In any case, scientists are confident that there is something Terribly wrong with almost everything done by humans, including Their contribution to the fact that there has been a steady increase Of global surface temperature between 1995 and 2006. The evidence of global warming includes the shrinking of or fading away Of beautiful things like mountain glaciers in many parts of the world; Thawing of permafrost; the early breakup of lake as well as river ice; Lengthening of growing seasons (especially mid to high latitude); Shifting of animal, insect and plant ranges; early flowering of trees; Early emergence of insects and egg laying of birds; Changes in ocean currents as well as patterns of precipitation; And the increasing lifetimes and intensities of tropical storms In several regions of the globe (â€Å"Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basics†). As though we care! Ha! The United Nations, spreading news around the world, Stories they refer to as research For the minds and the eyes of the rich Alone, saying things like the following, as though anybody cares Except to say Ooh and Aah at these shocking tales: ‘Seeing that the poorest people of the world are rather dependent ‘On a hospitable as well as stable climate – they’re dependent ‘As always – for their crop growing needs as well as gathering ‘Of natural resources – before they are snatched or stolen through invasion – ‘It is vital to understand climate change before we try to manage it – Pretending that we are able to manage everything, we will manage it’ (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†)! The United Nations, our supreme council for research and no practical work Apart from research, adds: ‘Poor people are reliant on the monsoon seasons – and us – ‘As you k now, climate change is about to turn their lives around. ‘Moreover, it is the poorest people of the world around ‘Whom all our concerns rest at this time because these people ‘Are most vulnerable to the destruction caused by natural disasters. ‘The Asian tsunami provides evidence of this phenomenon – ‘As do bombs because they heat up things, including our minds, as no one Disagrees. Increase in drought frequency in Africa is another reason ‘Why policymakers around the globe must consider decisions ‘That would have a long-term impact on humanity – once they find ‘The time to consider such decisions, of course; they must then bind ‘Governments in contracts to reduce gas emissions knowing their contracts ‘Exist only on papers with paper pins neatly making stacks of their contracts’ (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). The United Nations expresses deep concern in its voice as it continues: ‘Other examples of destruction caused by climate change To the poor communities in particular – who else? – include ‘The effects of Katrina in the United States and that long, crude ‘Heat wave that was experienced by Europeans in 2003. à ¢â‚¬ËœAs these examples reveal, poor people in rich societies are also vulnerable to the devastating ‘Effects of global warming – the rich people need not worry’ (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†)! In war-torn Iraq A man is sipping tea in war-torn Iraq. Flimsy pages of his newspaper, Iraq Today, fly here and there as they stay put Nevertheless in his lap; and input From the pages enters his mind as slowly As memories of the bony lass slowly Leave his mind – memories that had tormented Him ever since the Iraq War began. ‘Kid, ‘She is gone, she left with the soldiers of the United States,’ The landlord of her flat had informed him. So now the man hates Everything he hears from the country where the bony lass resides. Still, out of necessity, he listens to those pages, presides Over them as though he would do something about the news on those pages; If only pretend he would do something about the news on those pages. As his tea cools under those fans that don’t really help him feel cooler In the head where suppressed anger and worry due to the vast dollar Country’s actions stay, he chances upon a piece of news that suddenly Interests him although he did not really care whether it was hot or cold. ‘Global warming,’ says the piece. ‘A publication of the United Nations ‘Environment Programme, Global Environmental Outlook 4, states ‘That the effects of global warming would vary across the globe. ‘According to the report:’ While the Earth’s climate has varied throughout the prehistoric ages, the last few decades have witnessed a global climate disruption that is unprecedented over the recent millennia, a period of relative climatic stability during which civilization emerged. Some regions, particularly the Arctic, will be more affected by climate change than others closer to the equator. In many regions, the agricultural sector will be particularly affected. The combination of high temperatures and decreased soil moisture projected for parts of Africa will be particularly hard to adapt to. (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†) ‘I think this is what the Prophet (Peace be upon him) had told us about,’ The man in Iraq reflects on the warning of the United Nations. He continues Reading the news report: ‘Global Environmental Outlook 4 ‘Also describes the main responsibility that human beings must assume For global warming: that, in fact, humans have placed great pressure on the ‘Climate system with increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. ‘The greenhouse gas that is mainly responsible for climate change appears ‘To be carbon dioxide, primarily originating from the consumption of ‘Fossil fuels (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). The UNEP report ‘Further describes the environmental damage caused by humans ‘While they were ignorant of the dangers of global warming: Since the dawn of the industrial age, the concentrations of these gases have been steadily increasing in the atmosphere. The unprecedented recent rise has resulted in a current level of 380 parts per million, much higher than the pre-industrial (18th century) level of 280 ppm. Since 1987, annual global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion have risen by about one-third, and the present per capita emissions clearly illustrate large differences among regions. (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†) So now he understands, the man sipping tea: ‘Everything in this report describes the fee ‘For occupying this world. Moreover, it is as the Prophet ‘(Peace be upon him) had described. It is the call of the Prophet For us to mend our ways once and for all. God is going to take account. ‘But who is listening? Does anybody care? ’ The man folds the account On global warming on one of the flying sheets of newspaper, Iraq Today. He decides to return home when he gets an idea, straight out of Iraq Today. He thinks: ‘Overly excited about their achievements during ‘And after the golden Industrial Age, human beings did not realize ‘That materialism and greed could even be responsible for ending ‘Their existence on Earth in the near future. Indeed, if climate change ‘Is not managed through effective global policies at present, huge natural Disasters may very well finish off all life on our planet. ‘As it is, global warming is accompanied by spells of really high temperatures ‘That are known to destroy life through heat stress in addition to air pollution. ‘In June 2003, Europe experienced such a spell. It raised temperatures ‘Twenty to thirty percent higher than the average temperatures during summer. ‘What is more, the spell covered a huge portion of the European continent, ‘From Germany to Italy, and from the north of Spain to Czech Republic. ‘With social as well as economic impacts, besides its environmental impacts, The heat wave presented heavy losses to the European continent. ‘In point of fact, thirty thousand European people lost their lives during June 2003. ‘Forestry and agricultural production were impaired; forests were burned; ‘Crop cycles we re disrupted; nuclear reactors cooled by water from rivers ‘Had to be closed; demand for electricity could not be met; ‘And the stability of rocks was affected’ (â€Å"Impacts of Summer 2003 Heat Wave in Europe†). ‘Once they know what we go through each hour, each day ‘They would surely become one of us, one of clay ‘People. ’ As he ends reflecting on climate change, he Remembers another similarity between man and man: ‘Hadn’t God said, We made man out of clay? ’ He tries to figure out in his mind whether fire can damage clay, But then another worry enters his mind: ‘Do the industrialists ‘Also know, We made man out of clay? ’ In Europe The man in Iraq was happy to know that Europe had experienced Significant development during the Industrial Age, Although it did not have any power over the heat wave of 2003. A construction worker in Germany, on the other hand, Understood it this way: he thought: ‘It is evident that the European Union ‘Would now play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The heat wave of 2003 served as a warning for the entire continent ‘To begin taking serious action against greenhouse gas emissions, ‘While enjoying the fruits of the Industrial Age even in the twenty first century’ (â€Å"Impacts of Summer 2003 Heat Wave†). Even though he was optimistic, the construction worker Believed that he knew that politicians only tell lies to the People, the voice of the people is never heard, and democracy Is a sham. As he thought about politicians suffering from all sorts Of amnesias, another fact was brought to mind simultaneously; The construction worker felt delighted in the misery of others When he remembered he had read somewhere that As bad as the European heat wave of 2003 was, There is no way for it to compete with the rising average Temperatures in the Arctic. In fact, temperatures in the Arctic Are â€Å"rising almost twice as rapidly as in the rest of the world† (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). † Sea ice and glaciers in the Arctic are presently melting, While the permafrost temperatures are rising. In Siberia and Alaska, permafrost is also melting. This is expected to release methane into the Earth’s atmosphere From the frozen hydrates. Scientists are aware that fifty Million years back, a large amount of methane was released Into the Earth’s atmosphere. Temperatures around that time Must have risen approximately five to seven Celsius. Additionally, scientists have determined that it took approximately One hundred and forty thousand years for the atmosphere To return to its normal state after the initial release of methane (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). ‘Perhaps, therefore’ – reflected the construction worker – ‘The effects of global warming would remain with us ‘For a very long period of time. Our future generations ‘Would have to suffer because of the excessive greenhouse Gas emissions that our generation has been held responsible for. ‘Other effects of global warming include increased changes ‘In precipitation around the world. While wet regions are experiencing ‘More rain, the dry areas of our world are turning more arid than before. ‘In addition, regi ons like Africa with â€Å"the lowest contribution to anthropogenic greenhouse gas ‘Emissions† are projected to suffer most due to these changes’ (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). ‘As a matter of fact, water scarcity is projected to become a dangerous ‘Problem for the African people in the days to come (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). Global warming is also increasing â€Å"intense tropical cyclone activity,† ‘Especially in the North Atlantic (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). ‘This has been going on since 1970, and is definitely associated ‘With increases in the surface temperatures of tropical seas. ‘Furthermore, there is evidence of increased tropical cyclone activity ‘In certain regions of the world where it is difficult to gather high quality data. ‘In any case, over the past thirty five years the number of Class 4 and 5 ‘High intense storms has almost doubled. These storms are now occurring ‘In virtually all ocean basins. Of a certainty, our world would warm up Even more because of this activity in the deep’ (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). As the construction reflected on the meaning of global warming For everybody in the world, the only person he thought was Insulated from its disastrous effects was himself. His family, too, Would be saved, he thought, smirking in his mind’s eye when those miserable two – Arctic and Africa – were remembered. He had to earn his dail y Bread, after all. It did not really concern him that the people Of Africa suffered. He believed that the politicians with free Cups of coffee and bowls of rice available to them should do All the thinking for the poor people of the world. He was lucky To be German, that’s all. What concerned him about global warming was this: Indeed, there exist a number of paths for us to take to help Ourselves and our fellow beings survive on the planet. As an example, with the awareness that our buildings consume Almost thirty to forty percent of energy in our world – Another UNEP report, Buildings and Climate Change: Status, Challenges and Opportunities, advises governments Around the world to put policies into place for the construction Of environmentally friendly or green buildings that would not Exacerbate the effects of global warming. There are a variety Of choices available to modern man to use energy more efficiently than before (â€Å"Buildings and Climate Change†). ‘Would Herr Braun consider the alternatives? ’ – he asked Himself. After all, he was only a servant. Had he asked Herr Braun, would the latter have answered his loyal Construction worker? Maybe, maybe not. The royal Herr Braun was unreachable most of the time. But the construction worker’s fifty-seven year old wife Should be able to guess and inform him. She was good At divining things. She would know about global warming.